Category: Aviation

First Air Flight Over Nevada June 23, 1910

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Ivy Baldwin poses near his balloon at Elitch Gardens in Denver, Colorado. Photo by Henry H. Buckwalter.
First Air Flight Over Nevada Pilot Ivy Baldwin poses near his balloon at Elitch Gardens in Denver, Colorado. Photo by Henry H. Buckwalter.

The First Air Flight Over Nevada occurred over the old Raycraft Ranch on a makeshift field on June 23rd, 1910. After fueling a Paulham biplane at the ranch, pilot William Ivy Baldwin climbed into the open cockpit of the fragile plane.

Oddly, the plane is trucked into Carson City from Colorado in order to appears at the Sagebrush Carnival in Carson City. Baldwin, a Spanish American Was U.S. Army Balloonist fired up the 48 horse power engine and took flight off of a dirt airstrip.

The flight flight took place just seven years after the first flight by the Wright Brothers, and almost a continent away. The first flight in Nevada, was a modest increase over the first flight by the write brothers, and reach an altitude on 50 feet while covering a distance of on half of a mile.

Nevada State Historic Marker 179 is erected to honor pilot William Ivy Baldwin and his aviation exploits. Sadly, the marker is no longer standing.

Nevada State Historic Marker 179 Text

First Air Flight Over Nevada Nevada June 23, 1910

The First Air Flight Over Nevada occurred over the old Raycraft Ranch on a makeshift field on June 23rd, 1910. After fueling a Paulham biplane at the ranch, pilot William Ivy Baldwin climbed into the open cockpit of the fragile plane.

Oddly, the plane is trucked into Carson City from Colorado in order to appears at the Sagebrush Carnival in Carson City. Baldwin, a Spanish American Was U.S. Army Balloonist fired up the 48 horse power engine and took flight off of a dirt airstrip.

The flight flight took place just seven years after the first flight by the Wright Brothers, and almost a continent away. The first flight in Nevada, was a modest increase over the first flight by the write brothers, and reach an altitude on 50 feet while covering a distance of on half of a mile.

Nevada State Historic Marker 179 is erected to honor pilot William Ivy Baldwin and his aviation exploits. Sadly, the marker is no longer standing.

HISTORICAL MARKER No. 179
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
HAZEL HOHN

Nevada State Historic Marker 179 Map

Nevada State Historic Marker 179 Summary

NameFirst Air Flight Over Nevada Nevada June 23, 1910
LocationCarson City, Nevada
Latitude, Longitude39.1943, -119.7754
Nevada State Historic Marker179

Nevada State Historical Markers identify significant places of interest in Nevada’s history. The Nevada State Legislature started the program in 1967 to bring the state’s heritage to the public’s attention with on-site markers. These roadside markers bring attention to the places, people, and events that make up Nevada’s heritage. They are as diverse as the counties they are located within and range from the typical mining boom and bust town to the largest and most accessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada Budget cuts to the program caused the program to become dormant in 2009. Many of the markers are lost or damaged.

References

Trans-Sierran Pioneer Flight – Nevada State Historic Marker

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The Trans-Sierran Pioneer Flight marked a significant milestone in aviation history, reflecting the relentless pursuit of conquering new frontiers in flight. The Flight on March 22, 1919 is honored with Nevada State Historical Marker number 134 and located in Carson City along Highway 50.

Trans-Sierran Pioneer Flight- The first airplane flight over the Sierra Nevada mountains landed in Carson City on March 22, 1919.
The first airplane flight over the Sierra Nevada mountains landed in Carson City on March 22, 1919.

Early Aviation Ventures

In the early 20th century, aviation pioneers like Orville and Wilbur Wright laid the groundwork for powered flight. Their successful flight at Kitty Hawk in 1903 ignited a flurry of experimentation and innovation in aircraft design and piloting techniques. As aviation technology advanced, pilots became increasingly ambitious, seeking to push the boundaries of what was considered possible in the skies.

Governor Emmet Derby Boyle (July 26, 1879 – January 3, 1926)
Governor Emmet Derby Boyle (July 26, 1879 – January 3, 1926)

The Sierra Nevada mountain range, stretching along the eastern edge of California, presented a formidable obstacle for early aviators. With its towering peaks, rugged terrain, and unpredictable weather patterns, crossing the Sierra Nevada represented a significant challenge. However, the allure of conquering this natural barrier drove aviators to attempt daring feats of aerial navigation.

On March 22nd, 1919, just sixteen years after the Wright brothers flew for the first time, the Trans-Sierran Pioneer Flight flight of thee Liberty-powered Dehavillands and a 90 hp Curtiss Trainer took off from Mather Field, California and turned to the east. The flight of four places is the first authenticated flight over the Sierra Nevada Mountain range.

Before continue on to Reno, Nevada, the flight was greeted by then Governor Emmet Derby Boyle. On the return trip to Sacramento, Governor Doyle was a passenger on the turned flight.

Nevada State Historic Marker 134

Trans-Sierran Pioneer Flight

The first authenticated air flight over the Sierra Nevada was successfully completed when four U.S. Army planes touched down here on an improvised field.

Originating at Mather Field, Sacramento, and led by Lt. Col. Henry L. Watson, the squadron was made up of three Liberty-powered Dehavillands and one 90 hp Curtiss Trainer.

The fliers, personally welcomed by Governor Emmet D. Boyle, were Watson, Lts. Ruggles, Curtis, Krull, Schwartz, and Haggett, and Sgt. Conway.  Haggett introduced an added surprise by landing his small trainer, unannounced, some minutes after the main flight.

The flight concluded in Reno that afternoon.

Governor Boyle flew as a passenger in one of the planes on its return flight to Sacramento, thus making him the first civilian ever to cross the Sierra in flight.

STATE HISTORICAL MARKER No. 134
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
HAZEL HOHN

Nevada State Historic Marker 134 Map

Nevada State Historic Marker 134 Summary

NameTrans-Sierran Pioneer Flight
LocationCarson City, Nevada
Latitude, Longitude39.1720, -119.7482
Nevada State Historic Marker134

Nevada State Historical Markers identify significant places of interest in Nevada’s history. The Nevada State Legislature started the program in 1967 to bring the state’s heritage to the public’s attention with on-site markers. These roadside markers bring attention to the places, people, and events that make up Nevada’s heritage. They are as diverse as the counties they are located within and range from the typical mining boom and bust town to the largest and most accessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada Budget cuts to the program caused the program to become dormant in 2009. Many of the markers are lost or damaged.

References

Chuck Yeagers NF-104 Crash Site

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On December 10, 1963, Chuck Yeager, a legendary test pilot, crashed while flying an F-104 Starfighter at Edwards Air Force Base in the Mohave Desert of California. The incident resulted in serious injuries for Yeager and the grounding of the entire NF-104 fleet.

NF-104 Starfighter under rocket propulsion.
NF-104 Starfighter under rocket propulsion.

Background

The NF-104 and F-104 are both variants of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter aircraft, but they have some significant differences.

The F-104 is a supersonic jet fighter aircraft that was developed in the late 1950s for the United States Air Force (USAF). It was widely used by many countries, including Canada, Italy, Germany, and Japan. The F-104 had a single engine and was designed to be a high-performance interceptor aircraft. It had a maximum speed of Mach 2.2 and was capable of flying at high altitudes.

The NF-104, on the other hand, was a modified version of the F-104 that was used for high-altitude flight training. The “NF” stands for “NASA Flight” because it was used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for astronaut training. The NF-104 was fitted with a rocket engine that allowed it to climb to higher altitudes than the F-104. The ceiling of the aircraft was supposed to be 125,000 feet. It was also equipped with a reaction control system (RCS) that allowed it to simulate the handling characteristics of a spacecraft.

Overall, the main differences between the F-104 and the NF-104 are that the latter had a rocket engine and RCS, which made it suitable for high-altitude flight training, while the former was a high-performance interceptor aircraft.

Chuck Yeager, on the other hand, was a highly experienced test pilot with a distinguished career. He was the first person to break the sound barrier in level flight, flying the Bell X-1 in 1947. Yeager was also known for his contributions to the development of several other aircraft, including the F-86 Sabre, the F-100 Super Sabre, and the B-58 Hustler.

The Crash

On December 10, 1963, Yeager was conducting a test flight of an NF-104 Starfighter equipped with a rocket engine at Edwards Air Force Base in California. The purpose of the flight was to evaluate the aircraft’s performance at high altitudes and high speeds. Yeager was flying at an altitude of 80,000 feet and a speed of Mach 1.5 when he experienced a loss of control.

According to Yeager’s account of the incident, he had just completed a steep climb to 108,000 feet and was beginning to level off when the aircraft suddenly pitched up and rolled to the left. Yeager attempted to recover the aircraft using the reaction control thrusters on. and applying opposite rudder and aileron, but the NF-104 continued to roll and dive and eventually fell into a flat spin.. Yeager ejected from the aircraft at an altitude of around 8,500 feet and landed safely, but he suffered several injuries, including a broken collarbone, several ribs, a punctured lung and severe burns to his face.

Investigation

Chuck Yeagers NF-104 crash site is located in the Mojave Desert
Chuck Yeagers NF104 crashed in the Mojave Desert

Following the crash, the United States Air Force launched an investigation to determine the cause of the incident. The investigation revealed that the F-104 had a notoriously difficult flight envelope, with a high stall speed and a tendency to enter a flat spin at high angles of attack. The investigation also revealed that Yeager had been flying with a faulty attitude indicator, which may have contributed to the loss of control.

However, the investigation ultimately concluded that the cause of the crash was pilot error. The investigation found that Yeager had exceeded the aircraft’s design limitations by flying at an altitude and speed that were beyond the F-104’s safe operating range. The investigation also found that Yeager had not received adequate training on the F-104 and had not been briefed on the risks associated with flying the aircraft at high altitudes and speeds.

Consequences

The consequences of the NF-104 crash were significant. The incident highlighted the dangers of flying high-performance aircraft without adequate training and briefing. As a result, the United States Air Force grounded the entire NF-104 fleet until additional training and safety measures could be implemented. The incident also led to changes in the way that test pilots were trained and briefed on new aircraft.

In 1922, the movie Top Gun: Maverick featured a similar incident written into the story of the movie. Tom Cruise’s character, Maverick is attempting to reach a new speed record or Mach 10, when, at high alititude he is forced to bail our of the experimental plane he was piloting.

Crash Location

Chuck Yeager’s NF-104 cam to rest in the Mohave Desert, just west of I-14 and south of California City Blvd.

Summary

NameChuck Yeagers NF-104 Crash Site
LocationMojave Desert, Los Angles County, California
Date of IncidentDecember 10th, 1963
Latitude, Longitude35.1236, -118.1469

References

X-15 Flight 3-65-97 Crash

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On November 15, 1967, the X-15 Flight 3-65-97 experienced a catastrophic failure during a test flight, resulting in the death of pilot Michael J. Adams.

The wreckage of North American X-15 Flight 3-65-97, which crashed on November 15, 1967, killing USAF astronaut Michael J. Adams.
The wreckage of North American X-15-3, which crashed on November 15, 1967, killing USAF astronaut Michael J. Adams.

Beginning in the 1940’s, one of the most important locations for flight testing in the United States is the Mojave Air and Space Port, located in the Mojave Desert in California. With its wide-open spaces, dry climate, and proximity to aerospace companies and research facilities, the Mojave has become a hub for experimental aircraft testing and research, playing a vital role in advancing the field of aviation. In this report, we will explore the history and significance of flight testing in the Mojave, and examine some of the groundbreaking aircraft and technologies that have been developed and tested in this unique location.

The X-15 was a rocket-powered experimental aircraft developed by the United States Air Force and NASA in the 1950s and 1960s and the pinnacle of speed testing in the 1960’s. On November 15, 1967, the X-15 experienced a catastrophic crash during a test flight, resulting in the death of pilot Michael J. Adams. The crash was a tragic event in the history of experimental aviation and highlighted the risks and challenges of pushing the boundaries of technological innovation.

X-15 mounted below the wing of a B-52 while in flight.
X-15 mounted below the wing of a B-52 while in flight.

The X-15 was designed to fly at extremely high speeds and altitudes, reaching speeds of up to Mach 6.7 (about 4,500 miles per hour) and altitudes of over 350,000 feet. It was powered by a rocket engine and was capable of carrying out a wide range of scientific and engineering experiments in the upper atmosphere and beyond.

On the day of the crash, Adams was piloting the X-15 on its 191st test flight. The flight was intended to test a new navigation system and to gather data on the effects of high-altitude flight on the human body. The X-15 was carried to an altitude of 45,000 feet by a B-52 bomber, and then released to continue its ascent on its own.

However, shortly after reaching an altitude of about 50 miles, the X-15 began to experience control problems. The aircraft began to roll and yaw uncontrollably, and Adams was unable to regain control. The X-15 eventually went into a spin and began to break apart, with Adams ejecting from the aircraft at an altitude of about 15,000 feet. Tragically, Adams was unable to survive the ejection and the subsequent impact with the ground.

The cause of the X-15 crash was later determined to be a malfunction in the aircraft’s control system. Specifically, one of the X-15’s two reaction control system thrusters had become stuck in the “on” position, causing the aircraft to go into an uncontrolled spin. Despite efforts to regain control, the X-15 was unable to recover from the spin and ultimately crashed.

The X-15 crash was a tragic event that highlighted both the risks and rewards of pushing the boundaries of technological innovation. While the loss of Michael J. Adams was a devastating blow to the aviation community, his legacy lives on in the many important scientific and engineering discoveries made possible by the X-15 program.

X-15 Flight 3-65-97

X-15 Flight 3-65-97 came to rest East of Mojave just North of Highway 58. The site contains a small memorial and one should remember that a brave man lost his life at this location.

References

YB-49 Crash Site

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The YB-49 was a prototype jet-powered flying wing aircraft designed and built by Northrop Corporation in the 1940s and 1950s. On June 5, 1948, the YB-49 experienced a catastrophic crash near Mojave in Los Angeles County, California, which resulted in the death of all five crew members on board. Captain Glen Edwards was the co-pilot of the flight, and the namesake of Edwards Air Force Base. The crash was a significant event in aviation history, as it raised questions about the safety of experimental aircraft and the future of jet-powered flight.

On June 5, 1948, the YB-49 experienced a catastrophic crash that resulted in the death of all five crew members on board.
On June 5, 1948, the YB-49 experienced a catastrophic crash that resulted in the death of all five crew members on board.

The YB-49 was designed as a successor to the earlier Northrop XB-35 flying wing bomber, which had been developed during World War II. The YB-49 was a radical departure from traditional aircraft design, with no tail or fuselage and a single large wing that housed the crew, engines, and weapons. The aircraft was powered by eight General Electric J35 turbojet engines and was capable of speeds up to 500 miles per hour and altitudes up to 40,000 feet.

On the day of the crash, the YB-49 took off from Muroc Air Force Base in California for a test flight. The flight was routine until about an hour into the flight, when the aircraft suddenly went into an uncontrolled spin and crashed into the desert floor. The cause of the crash was later determined to be a malfunction in the aircraft’s flight control system, which caused the elevons (the wing-mounted control surfaces that control pitch and roll) to become stuck in a partially raised position. This caused the aircraft to become unstable and enter the spin.

Brave Men Lost

The crash of the YB-49 cost these men their lives:

  • Major Daniel H. Forbes, Jr. – Pilot
  • Captain Glen W. Edwards – Copilot
  • Lt. Edward L. Swindell – Flight Engineer
  • Clare C. Lesser – Air Force civilian engineers
  • Charles H. LaFountain – Air Force civilian engineers

Muroc AFB was renamed Edwards AFB on December 5, 1949 in honor of the late Capt. Glen W Edwards

The crash of the YB-49 was a major setback for Northrop Corporation, which had invested significant time and resources into the development of the flying wing design. It also raised concerns about the safety of experimental aircraft and the need for more rigorous testing and evaluation of new designs before they are put into service. In the years following the crash, Northrop continued to develop and refine the flying wing design, eventually leading to the development of the B-2 stealth bomber, which entered service with the U.S. Air Force in the 1990s.

The crash of the YB-49 was a tragic event that highlighted the risks and challenges of experimental aircraft design. However, it also spurred innovation and development in the aviation industry, leading to the creation of new and advanced aircraft designs that continue to shape the field of aviation today.

YB-49 Crash Site Location summary

NameYB-49 Crash Site
LocationMojave Desert, Los Angeles County, California
Latitude, Longitude35.04243, -117.9926

YB-49 Trail Map

The YB-49 came to rest East of Mojave just North of Highway 58. The site contains a small memorial and one should remember that this is the location of the deaths of five brave men.

References