Pima County, located in the southern part of Arizona, is a region with a captivating history that spans centuries. Home to a diverse population and encompassing a range of natural landscapes, Pima County has witnessed the arrival of Native American civilizations, European exploration, territorial conflicts, and rapid urbanization. This brief history provides an overview of Pima County, highlighting key events and developments that have shaped its past.
Native American Presence
Pima County has a long history of Native American habitation. The Hohokam civilization, known for its advanced irrigation systems and impressive canal networks, flourished in the area between 300 and 1450 CE. The Tohono O’odham and Pascua Yaqui tribes have maintained a strong cultural presence in the region for centuries, contributing to the county’s rich heritage.
Spanish Exploration and Missionary Period
Spanish explorers, including Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, ventured into present-day Pima County during the 16th century in search of legendary cities of gold. However, it was not until the late 17th century that Spanish missionaries established a lasting presence. Mission San Xavier del Bac, completed in 1797, is a remarkable example of Spanish colonial architecture and remains an important cultural and religious site in Pima County.
Mexican Control and the Gadsden Purchase
Following Mexico’s independence from Spain, Pima County became part of the Mexican territories. However, with the conclusion of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the region was ceded to the United States under the Gadsden Purchase. This acquisition facilitated the establishment of the southern boundary of Arizona, and Pima County became an integral part of the Arizona Territory.
The city of Tucson, located in Pima County, played a pivotal role in the region’s development. Tucson served as a vital transportation and supply hub during the 19th century, connecting California, Mexico, and the rest of Arizona. With the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1880s, Tucson experienced rapid growth and urbanization. In 1864, Pima County was officially created, with Tucson as its county seat.
Mining and Ranching
Mining, particularly of copper, played a significant role in Pima County’s economic growth during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rich mineral deposits in the area attracted miners and investors, leading to the establishment of mining towns such as Bisbee and Ajo. Additionally, ranching thrived in Pima County, with cattle and sheep ranches dotting the vast open landscapes.
In recent decades, Pima County has experienced significant population growth and urban development. Tucson has evolved into a vibrant metropolitan area, with a diverse economy that includes education, healthcare, technology, and tourism. Pima County is renowned for its natural beauty, featuring attractions like Saguaro National Park, Sabino Canyon, and Mount Lemmon, which draw visitors from around the world.
Pima County, Arizona, has a rich history encompassing Native American civilizations, Spanish colonization, territorial conflicts, mining booms, and urbanization. The county’s cultural heritage, natural wonders, and thriving cities make it a remarkable region that continues to
Pima County National Protected Areas
- Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge
- Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge
- Coronado National Forest
- Ironwood Forest National Monument
- Las Cienegas National Conservation Area
- Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument
- Saguaro National Park