Big Bear, CA
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Tonopah Nevada
Tonopah, Nevada, known as the “Queen of the Silver Camps,” is a small unincorporated town in Nye County with a rich history tied to the discovery of silver in 1900. Located midway between Las Vegas and Reno at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, Tonopah’s story is one of boom and bust, shaped by its mining heritage, cultural developments, and resilience. This report explores the town’s origins, its rise as a mining hub, significant historical events, and its modern identity as a historical and tourism destination.
Origins and Discovery of Silver (1900)
The story of Tonopah begins with the discovery of silver in May 1900 by Jim Butler, a rancher and part-time prospector. According to local legend, Butler stumbled upon a rich silver deposit while searching for his runaway burro near a rock outcropping. Frustrated, he picked up a heavy rock to throw at the animal, only to notice its unusual weight, which turned out to be silver ore. However, this tale is likely apocryphal. Butler, married to a local Paiute woman named Belle, was probably guided by her family to an area long known by indigenous peoples for its surface minerals. The Shoshone and Paiute word “Tonopah,” meaning “greasewood water” or “hidden spring,” was adopted for the settlement.
Butler’s samples were initially dismissed as iron by an assayer in Klondike, but his friend Tasker Oddie, later Nevada’s governor, had them re-assayed by Walter Gayhart in Austin. The results revealed ore worth up to $600 per ton, primarily in silver with significant gold. This discovery, confirmed in late 1900, sparked the second-richest silver strike in Nevada’s history, revitalizing the state’s mining industry after the decline of the Comstock Lode.
The Mining Boom (1900–1920)
The discovery triggered a rapid influx of prospectors, leading to the establishment of a camp initially called Butler City. By January 1901, the camp had 40 residents, and by summer, the population swelled to 650, with mines producing $750,000 in gold and silver. The town grew exponentially, reaching over 3,000 people by 1902 and nearly 10,000 at its peak. Infrastructure developed quickly, including a post office (opened April 10, 1901, renamed Tonopah in 1905), the Tonopah Bonanza newspaper (launched June 15, 1901), and a stagecoach line from Sodaville.
Tonopah became a hub of wealth and power. Prominent figures like George Wingfield, a poker player turned mining magnate, amassed fortunes. Wingfield partnered with Jack Carey to secure a gaming license and invested in the Boston-Tonopah Mining Company, becoming a millionaire by 1904. He later collaborated with banker George S. Nixon to establish the Nye County Bank and grub-stake miners, further consolidating wealth. The Tonopah Mining Company, formed in 1901 by Philadelphia capitalists who purchased Butler’s claims, drove large-scale production.
By 1905, Tonopah replaced Belmont as Nye County’s seat, and a narrow-gauge railroad connected the town to the Carson & Colorado line. Upgraded to standard gauge and extended to Goldfield, the Tonopah & Goldfield Railroad facilitated freight and coal transport for mining operations. The town boasted modern amenities: five banks, an opera house, electric and water companies, and the luxurious Mizpah Hotel, built in 1907 for $200,000. The Mizpah, with steam heat, electric lights, and one of Nevada’s first elevators, was dubbed the “finest stone hotel in the desert.”
The mines produced $38.5 million annually at their peak before World War I, with a total output of $150 million by 1947. However, tragedies marked this era, including a 1903 riot against Chinese workers, which led to a Chinese boycott of U.S. goods, and the 1911 Belmont Mine fire, where 17 miners perished.
Decline of Mining and Economic Shifts (1920–1940s)
By 1910, gold and silver production began to decline, and by 1920, Tonopah’s population had dropped to less than half its peak. The Great Depression and World War II further curtailed major mining operations, with all significant mines closing by 1947. The local railroad ceased operations, and the town struggled economically. Ranching and highway trade became primary income sources, as Tonopah’s location on U.S. 95 made it a stopover for travelers.
The Tonopah Army Air Base, constructed in 1940 and operational by 1942, provided a temporary economic boost during World War II. As one of Nevada’s largest military operations, it trained B-24 and P-39 pilots. However, the base closed in 1948, leaving the town to seek new economic avenues.
Modern Tonopah: Tourism, Military, and Renewable Energy (1950s–Present)
Since the late 20th century, Tonopah has reinvented itself as a tourism and military-based community. The Tonopah Test Range, established in 1952 for nuclear testing and later used for F-117 Nighthawk development, remains a major employer. The nearby Nevada Test Site also supports the local economy. In 2014, the $980 million Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project, a cutting-edge solar thermal plant, was completed, signaling Tonopah’s entry into renewable energy.
Tourism has become a cornerstone of Tonopah’s identity. The Tonopah Historic Mining Park, spanning 113 acres of original mining claims, preserves the town’s heritage with restored buildings, mine shafts, and self-guided tours. The Central Nevada Museum showcases mining, military, and Western Shoshone history. Attractions like the Mizpah Hotel, voted America’s #1 haunted hotel due to its “Lady in Red” ghost, and the Clown Motel, dubbed “America’s scariest motel” for its clown collection and proximity to the Old Tonopah Cemetery, draw visitors seeking history and the paranormal. Tonopah’s dark skies, rated the best for stargazing in the U.S. by USA Today, attract astronomers to its Stargazing Park.
The town hosts events like Jim Butler Days and the Nevada State Mining Championships, celebrating its mining legacy. Outdoor activities, including off-roading, hiking, and rockhounding, leverage Tonopah’s desert landscape. Notable figures associated with the town include Wyatt Earp, who opened the Northern Saloon in 1902, boxer Jack Dempsey, who fought early bouts here, and Howard Hughes, who married Jean Peters at the Mizpah in 1957 and later purchased mining claims.
Social and Cultural Dynamics
Tonopah’s early years were marked by a structured society, with formal dinners and dances noted by the Works Progress Administration in 1940. The Western Shoshone, including the Yomba Band of the Yomba Reservation, have a significant historical presence, dominating the region during American settlement in the 1860s. However, racial tensions surfaced, as seen in the 1903 anti-Chinese riot. Today, Tonopah embraces its diverse heritage, with the Central Nevada Museum highlighting indigenous and pioneer contributions.
Challenges and Resilience
Tonopah has faced natural and economic challenges. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck 35 miles west of town on May 15, 2020, the largest in Nevada since 1954, though it caused no injuries. Economically, the closure of major mines and the local McDonald’s symbolized decline, but Tonopah’s resilience is evident in its adaptation to tourism, military operations, and renewable energy.
Conclusion
From a silver mining boomtown to a modern hub of tourism and innovation, Tonopah, Nevada, embodies the boom-and-bust cycle of the American West. Jim Butler’s 1900 discovery transformed an indigenous campground into a thriving community that shaped Nevada’s economy and politics. Despite mining’s decline, Tonopah has leveraged its rich history, strategic location, and natural assets to remain a vibrant destination. Its historic sites, haunted landmarks, and starry skies continue to captivate visitors, ensuring the “Queen of the Silver Camps” endures as a testament to Nevada’s enduring spirit.
Tonopah Nevada Gallery
wouldn’t die” remains a vibrant piece of American history.
Nevada State Historic Marker 15
Jim Butler, District Attorney of Nye County, is credited with the turn-of-century discovery, which ended a twenty-year slump in Nevada’s economy. American Indians originally used the name Tonopah for a small spring in the nearby San Antonio Mountains, long before Butler camped in this area in May 1900. Tonopah became the richest silver producer in the nation and replaced Belmont as the Nye County county seat in 1905. The mines spawned a railroad, several huge mills, and a bustling population of approximately 10,000.
The mines faltered in the 1920s, but Tonopah achieved long-lasting fame because of the prominent financial and political leaders it produced. Many camps and communities followed in the wake of Tonopah’s boom, most of which have become ghost towns.
NEVADA CENTENNIAL MARKER No. 15
STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE
Tonopah Marker Summary
| Nevada State Histori Marker | 15 |
| Name | Tonopah |
| Location | Nye County, Nevada |
| Latitude, Longitude | 38.0670, -117.2291 |
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References
Barker Ranch
Thomason/Barker Ranch is a five-acre property within Death Valley National Park. This historic site is located off of Goler Wash in the southern Panamint Range in the southwestern portion of the park. Barker Ranch is commonly referenced as being the location that mass murderer Charles Manson was arrested after the Tate – La Bianca killings in 1969.
Thomason Era (1937 – 1956)
In 1937, Blouch Thomason, a retired Los Angeles County detective, recorded three quartz lode mining claims named
“Tommy Group,” “Tommy Group No. 2,” and “Tommy Group No. 3” and a mill site located. The original structures consisting of three tent shelters is built in 1939.
In 1940, major improvements are made to the land. Thomason built the main ranch house, windmill, workshop, chicken coop, corral, fences, entry road, fences, water conveyance system, and planted ornamental and fruit-bearing vegetation. He also built a single rock building for “shop and storage” at the ranch. Later, a guestroom and garage are added to the shop. The Thomas ranch is inhabited full time by Blouch and Helen Thomason. They ceased mining operations due to poor yield
In 1950, Blouch passes away while visiting relatives in the Trinity Alps. Following his death, Helen moves away from the ranch, but still maintained the property as a vacation retreat.
Barker Era ( 1956 – 1971 )
James and Arlene Barker, from Oklahoma, purchased the Thomason Ranch, in 1955. In 1956, the Barkers recorded the “Chespa Mill Site” with the Inyo County Recorder’s Office. The Barkers built a 5,000 gallon water reservoir ( swimming pool ) and a 14 foot by 20 foot bunkhouse, sometime during 1957.
In 1968, Arlene Barker gave Charles Manson permission to occupy the Ranch in exchange for a Beach Boys Gold Album. After Manson’s arrest, the Barkers continued to maintain the property. In 1971, the Barkers ceased filing mining reports with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on the family’s mining activity. The land (and improvements) then reverted to government control. In 1976, the ranch became part of the California Desert Conservation Area.
In 1994, Barker Ranch is incorporated into Death Valley National Park.
Manson Era ( 1968 – 1969 )
The Thomason / Barker Ranch history was stained forever, in October 1968, when Charles Manson obtained permission from Arlene Barker to occupy the ranch. Paul Watkins, a Manson Family Member, stated the Mason agreed to watch over the place in exchange for maintenance and work on the Ranch. Manson and his band of opted to stay and Barker Ranch over the Myers Ranch which is located about .5 miles away. A total of 19 Manson followers performed a phased relocation to the property over time. Manson family members are known to drive to Los Angeles or Las Vegas to bring in supplies.
On October 10 and 12, 1969, CHP officer Jim Pursell and the INYO Sheriffs Department along with California Highway Patrol and NPS Rangers raided Barker Ranch. Actually, they raided the area around Barker Ranch. A raid is executed in search of vandals of earth moving equipment which repaired damage to the playa in Racetrack Valley. Over the coarse to several days, the task forced hunted down Family members who were scattered about the area. The diminutive Manson is arrested when found hiding under the sink in the bathroom at Barker Ranch.
To this day, Barker Ranch is the subject of investigation into the crimes of Charles Manson.
Barker Ranch Map
NPS
Barker Ranch was built by “recreational ranchers” who moved to the desert to enjoy the solitude and simplicity of living far from civilization. Bluch and Helen Thomason moved into the area the the late 1930s to try their hand at gold mining. Around 1940, the constructed a small stone cabin and outbuilding, with electricity. provided by a wind mill and generator, and drinking water from a nearby spring
In 1955, the ranch was sold to Jim and Arlene Barker, who moved to the desert from Oklahoma. To accommodate their family gatherings, the Barkers enlarged the house and constructed more building.
The ranch became infamous when Charles Manson and members of the “Manson Family” were captured at the site. Family members attracted the attention of local law enforcement when they were suspected to burning a piece of road maintenance equipment. Detectives later discovered that the vandalism suspects were responsible for a series of murders in the Los Angeles Area.
Barker Ranch became part of Death Valley National Park in 1994. Tragically, the main house and workshop were destroyed by an accidental fire in May 2009.
National Park Service – Barker Ranch
Sources
North Campground
North Campground, situated at 7,962–8,900 feet elevation in Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, is a year-round campground offering 100 sites for tents, RVs, and trailers up to 60 feet, including 46 tent-only sites, 50 RV/tent sites, and one reservable group site. From mid-May to early October, 25 RV sites in Loop A are reservable through Recreation.gov, while the remaining sites are first-come, first-served; outside this period, all sites are first-come, first-served. Nestled in a ponderosa pine forest near the Bryce Canyon Visitor Center and iconic Bryce Amphitheater, the campground provides easy access to the park’s Rim Trail, Sunrise Point, and shuttle stops. Its high elevation ensures cool nights and clear skies, ideal for stargazing in this Dark Sky Park, but the lack of hook-ups and showers requires preparation. This review details the campground’s setting, amenities, accessibility, and overall experience, paired with a description of Bryce Canyon National Park.
Description of Bryce Canyon National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park, spanning 35,835 acres in southwestern Utah, is renowned for its otherworldly landscape of hoodoos—irregular, colorful rock spires formed by erosion along the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Situated at 7,000–9,000 feet elevation, the park offers dramatic vistas across the Grand Staircase, with pink, orange, and white limestone formations glowing against ponderosa pine forests. Key features include the Bryce Amphitheater, a natural bowl housing the densest collection of hoodoos, visible from Sunrise, Sunset, Inspiration, and Bryce Points. Trails like the Navajo Loop, Queen’s Garden, and Peek-A-Boo Loop weave through these formations, offering immersive hiking experiences.
The park’s high elevation brings cooler temperatures (50–80°F in summer, dipping to 20–40°F at night) and occasional summer thunderstorms, with snow possible into May. Wildlife includes mule deer, pronghorn, mountain lions, and Utah prairie dogs, while birds like Steller’s jays and Clark’s nutcrackers thrive in the pine forests. As a certified International Dark Sky Park, Bryce Canyon offers unparalleled stargazing, with the Milky Way visible on clear nights. The park’s 60 miles of trails, free shuttle system (mid-April to mid-October), and proximity to attractions like Red Canyon and Kodachrome Basin State Park make it a geologic wonderland, drawing hikers, photographers, and stargazers to its serene, high-plateau beauty.
Campground Details
Location and Accessibility
North Campground is centrally located just east of the Bryce Canyon Visitor Center, accessible via Highway 63 from Highway 12. From Panguitch, Utah, travel 7 miles south on Highway 89, east on Highway 12 for 14 miles, then south on Highway 63 to the park entrance; the campground is the first left after the fee station. Its proximity to the Visitor Center (0.5 miles), Bryce Canyon Lodge, and Sunrise Point (1 mile) makes it ideal for exploring the Bryce Amphitheater. The free park shuttle stops at the Visitor Center, connecting to major viewpoints and trailheads from mid-April to mid-October.
The campground features paved roads and spurs in Loops A and B, with gravel spurs in Loops C and D, suitable for vehicles up to 60 feet in Loop A but limited to 20 feet in Loops C and D (tent/camper vans only). There are no ADA-accessible sites, and the rolling, uneven terrain may challenge mobility-impaired visitors. Flush toilets and potable water are available year-round, but no cell service or Wi-Fi exists, so bring printed confirmations for reservations. Check-in is at the entrance kiosk, with rangers assisting site selection for first-come, first-served campers. “Arrive by 9 AM for FCFS sites—filled by noon,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2025).
Amenities
Each campsite includes a picnic table, fire ring with grill, and a bear-proof food storage locker (recommended but not mandatory in Bryce, as bear activity is low). Flush toilets and potable water spigots are available throughout, with clean facilities noted by campers: “Bathrooms were spotless,” said a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2025). No showers or laundry are on-site, but coin-operated showers and laundry are available at the General Store near Sunrise Point (0.5 miles, seasonal). A free dump station is located at the campground’s southern end (mid-May to mid-October). No electric, water, or sewer hook-ups are provided, and portable showers/toilets are prohibited. The General Store sells groceries, firewood, and supplies, while Bryce Canyon Lodge (1 mile) offers dining. Trash and recycling are provided, with bear-proof dumpsters.
Campsite Layout and Privacy
North Campground spans four loops (A, B, C, D) in a ponderosa pine forest with rolling hills, offering a mix of sun and shade. Loops A and B accommodate RVs and tents, with paved spurs (20–60 feet), while Loops C and D are tent/camper van-only with gravel spurs (20–25 feet). Sites are spacious but vary in privacy; outer sites (e.g., 73, 99) offer more seclusion, while inner sites can feel close together. “Site 97 was quiet with good shade, but neighbors were close,” noted a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025). The hilly terrain adds separation, but large pines provide limited ground-level privacy. Loops C and D are quieter, with no generators allowed, unlike Loop A (8 AM–8 PM). The campground’s proximity to the Rim Trail and Visitor Center adds convenience but occasional road noise.
RV and Tent Camping
Loops A and B support RVs and trailers up to 60 feet, though most sites accommodate 20–40 feet; Loops C and D are limited to tents and camper vans (20 feet max). “Our 16-foot Scamp fit Loop D perfectly—quiet and cozy,” shared a camper (Campendium, 2025). Two vehicles are allowed per site (trailers excluded), with overflow parking at the entrance. Sites may be unlevel, especially in Loop A: “Site 53 was on a hill—tough for leveling,” reported a camper (The Dyrt, 2025). No extra lighting (e.g., string lights) is allowed due to Dark Sky Park regulations. The forested setting and proximity to trails like Fairyland Loop make it ideal for tent campers seeking a backcountry feel.
Reservation and Cost
From May 18 to October 7, 25 RV sites in Loop A are reservable up to six months in advance on Recreation.gov, while all other sites are first-come, first-served. From January 1 to May 17 and October 8 to December 31, all sites are first-come, first-served. Sites cost $30 per night for tents/RVs, $50 for the group site, with a 50% discount for Senior/Access Passholders. A $35 vehicle entrance fee (valid 7 days) is separate, and day-use reservations may be required in peak season (check NPS.gov). “Get there by 8 AM for FCFS—sites go fast,” advised a camper (DirtInMyShoes, 2025). The group site accommodates up to 30 people and requires reservations year-round.
Activities and Attractions
North Campground is steps from the Rim Trail, connecting to Sunrise Point (1 mile) and Sunset Point (1.5 miles), with stunning hoodoo views. The Navajo/Queen’s Garden Loop (2.9 miles) and Fairyland Loop (5.5 miles) are accessible on foot, ideal for sunrise hikes. “Walking to Sunrise Point from camp was unforgettable,” said a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025). The park shuttle, stopping at the Visitor Center, links to Bryce Amphitheater viewpoints and trailheads. Nearby attractions include the Bryce Canyon Lodge (1 mile), Ebenezer Bryce Cabin (4.8 miles), and Mossy Cave Trail (8 miles). Stargazing is exceptional, with ranger-led astronomy programs at the Visitor Center. Horseback riding, biking on paved paths, and winter snowshoeing are also available. The park’s 60 miles of trails and proximity to Red Canyon and Kodachrome Basin State Park offer endless exploration.
Wildlife and Safety
Wildlife includes mule deer, Utah prairie dogs, and occasional mountain lions or black bears. Food must be stored securely in vehicles or lockers to deter animals, though bear activity is minimal. The 8,000–8,900-foot elevation may cause altitude sickness, so hydrate and rest upon arrival. Weather ranges from warm days (50–80°F) to cold nights (20–40°F), with snow possible into May and lightning risks in summer. “A thunderstorm hit fast—bring a tarp,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2024). Dress in layers, carry rain gear, and check weather alerts on NPS.gov. No open flames are allowed during fire restrictions, and pets must be leashed (6 feet or less) on paved areas.
Campground Map
Camper Feedback
Positives
- Location: Proximity to trails and the Visitor Center is a major draw. “Steps from the Rim Trail—perfect for sunrise hikes,” said a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2025).
- Scenery: The pine forest and hoodoo proximity are stunning. “Camping among pines with hoodoos nearby was surreal,” noted a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025).
- Clean Facilities: Flush toilets and restrooms are well-maintained. “Bathrooms were clean and close,” shared a reviewer (Yelp, 2025).
- Stargazing: The Dark Sky Park status is a highlight. “The Milky Way was unreal from our site,” said a camper (Campendium, 2025).
Negatives
- No Reservations (Off-Season): First-come, first-served sites fill quickly. “Got there at 10 AM and barely snagged a spot,” complained a camper (The Dyrt, 2025).
- Unlevel Sites: Some RV sites are sloped. “Site 53 was tough to level,” noted a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2025).
- No Showers: The lack of on-site showers frustrates some. “Had to walk to the General Store for showers,” said a camper (Campendium, 2024).
- Ranger Interactions: Some report unfriendly staff. “One ranger was overly strict about tent placement,” noted a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2024).
Tips for Campers
- Arrive Early: For first-come, first-served sites, arrive by 8–9 AM, especially in summer. Check Recreation.gov for reservable Loop A sites.
- Choose Tent Sites: Loops C and D are quieter, with no generators and more shade. “Loop D was serene,” said a camper (Yelp, 2025).
- Bring Water: Carry extra water (1 gallon per person per day) as a backup, though potable water is available.
- Weather Prep: Pack for cold nights and summer storms. A tarp and warm layers are essential.
- Acclimatize: Rest upon arrival to adjust to the high elevation. Stay hydrated to avoid altitude sickness.
- Explore Early: Hike the Rim Trail or Navajo Loop at sunrise to avoid crowds and heat. Use the shuttle to save parking hassles.
Overall Experience
North Campground is a gem in Bryce Canyon National Park, offering a woodsy, high-plateau retreat with unparalleled access to the Bryce Amphitheater and Rim Trail. Its ponderosa pine setting, clean facilities, and Dark Sky Park stargazing make it ideal for tent campers and RVers seeking a central base. The lack of hook-ups, showers, and reservations for most sites, plus occasional unlevel sites, requires planning, but the proximity to hoodoos and trails outweighs these drawbacks. “Camping here felt like living in a postcard,” summed up a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025). With early arrival, proper gear, and altitude awareness, North Campground delivers an unforgettable Bryce Canyon experience.
Rating: 4.5/5 stars. The location, scenery, and stargazing are exceptional, but limited amenities and site leveling issues prevent a perfect score.
Sources: Recreation.gov, NPS.gov, The Dyrt, Tripadvisor, Campendium, PerfectCamp, Yelp, DirtInMyShoes.com, NationalParksTraveler.org
North Pines Campground
North Pines Campground, nestled in the heart of Yosemite Valley at 4,000 feet elevation, is one of three reservation-based campgrounds in Yosemite National Park, offering 81 single-family campsites. Open from April through October, it provides a slightly quieter alternative to the larger Upper Pines while maintaining close proximity to iconic landmarks like Half Dome, El Capitan, and Yosemite Falls. Situated along the Merced River and surrounded by towering pines, North Pines offers a balance of scenic beauty and accessibility, making it a favorite for campers seeking a central base in Yosemite Valley. However, its compact layout and high demand present challenges. This review details its setting, amenities, accessibility, and overall experience, complemented by a vivid description of the Yosemite Valley floor.
Description of Yosemite Valley Floor
Yosemite Valley, the stunning setting for North Pines Campground, is a glacial-carved masterpiece stretching approximately 7 miles long and 1 mile wide at 4,000 feet elevation. Encircled by dramatic granite cliffs, the valley floor is a breathtaking blend of natural wonders. The Merced River meanders through its center, its gentle flow reflecting the surrounding peaks and providing a serene backdrop to the campground. Iconic landmarks dominate the landscape: Half Dome’s sheer granite face rises prominently to the east, El Capitan’s massive monolith towers to the west, and Yosemite Falls, one of North America’s tallest waterfalls, cascades with peak flow in spring, visible from various vantage points.
The valley floor features a mix of lush Ponderosa pine, California black oak, and white fir forests alongside open meadows like Cooks Meadow, which burst with wildflowers in spring and early summer. These meadows attract wildlife such as mule deer, squirrels, and occasionally black bears, adding to the valley’s allure. Approximately 12 miles of paved bike paths and hiking trails crisscross the flat terrain, ideal for exploring by foot or bike. Landmarks like Glacier Point, reachable by a short drive, offer sweeping views of Half Dome, Clouds Rest, and the Sierra Nevada. The valley’s beauty shifts with the light—golden hues bathe the cliffs at sunset, while morning mists create a mystical ambiance. Summer crowds, however, can congest trails and shuttle stops, particularly near Yosemite Village.
Campground Details
Location and Accessibility
North Pines Campground is located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near Curry Village (also known as Half Dome Village) and the Happy Isles trailhead, just across the Merced River from Upper and Lower Pines. Its prime location offers easy access to major trails like the Mist Trail to Vernal and Nevada Falls and the Mirror Lake trail. The campground is reachable via Highway 41 from Fresno, Highway 140 from Merced, or Highway 120 from Manteca, with clear signage guiding visitors to Yosemite Valley. A free shuttle bus stops near the campground entrance, connecting campers to key attractions like Yosemite Village, the visitor center, and trailheads, minimizing the need to drive.
The campground features paved roads and parking spurs, with five wheelchair-accessible sites (101, 104, 105, 108, and 109) equipped with extended-top picnic tables and nearby accessible restrooms. Check-in is required at the campground kiosk, with after-hours arrivals needing to complete registration the next morning to avoid cancellation.
Amenities
Each campsite includes a picnic table, fire ring with grill, and a bear-proof food storage locker (33”D x 45”W x 18”H). Flush toilets and drinking water are available throughout the campground, but there are no electric, water, or sewer hook-ups at individual sites. A free dump station is located near Upper Pines, a short walk or drive away. Showers and laundry facilities are accessible at Curry Village or Housekeeping Camp, approximately a 10–15-minute walk or short shuttle ride. Curry Village also offers a general store, restaurants, and an activities desk for groceries, dining, or booking guided tours.
Campsite Layout and Privacy
North Pines is organized into a single loop with sites nestled among Ponderosa pines and along the Merced River, creating a scenic but compact layout. The forested setting provides ample shade, but the close proximity of sites limits privacy. Riverfront sites (e.g., 101–110) are particularly sought after for their views and the calming sound of the river, though these book quickly. Some perimeter sites, like 123 or 144, offer slightly more seclusion. Campers often note the campground’s “cozy” feel, with one describing it as “intimate but crowded” (The Dyrt, 2021). Noise from neighboring sites or nearby Curry Village can disrupt the experience, especially during peak season.
RV and Tent Camping
North Pines accommodates tents, RVs up to 40 feet, and trailers up to 35 feet, though not all sites can handle maximum lengths, so checking site details on Recreation.gov is essential. Each site allows two vehicles (trailers excluded), with all wheels required to stay on paved surfaces. Generator use is restricted to 7–9 AM, 12–2 PM, and 5–7 PM to minimize noise. Overflow parking is available near Curry Village for additional vehicles.
Reservation and Cost
Reservations are required from April through October and are available up to five months in advance via Recreation.gov, opening on the 15th of each month at 7:00 AM PST. Sites cost $26–$36 per night, with double sites (7–12 people) at $36. Demand is fierce, especially in summer, with sites often booked within minutes. “You need to be online at exactly 7 AM or you’re out of luck,” warned a camper (Yelp, 2025). A waitlist is available in person at the campground office near Curry Village, with a few spots typically released daily due to cancellations. The campground closes from November to March, when Upper Pines becomes the primary valley campground.
Activities and Attractions
North Pines’ central location makes it a hub for outdoor adventures. Nearby trails include the easy 2-mile roundtrip to Mirror Lake, the strenuous 7-mile Mist Trail to Vernal and Nevada Falls, and the challenging 14–16-mile Half Dome hike (permit required). The valley’s 12 miles of paved bike paths are perfect for car-free exploration, with bike rentals available at Curry Village. Rafting on the Merced River is popular in summer when water levels allow. Ranger-led programs, such as stargazing, campfire talks, and naturalist walks, are offered nearby, and Yosemite Village, a short shuttle ride away, houses a museum, art center, and visitor center. Curry Village provides a climbing school for those interested in Yosemite’s renowned rock climbing, and guided bus tours offer insights into the valley’s geology and history.
Wildlife and Safety
Yosemite Valley teems with wildlife, including black bears, mule deer, and raccoons, requiring strict food storage protocols. All food, toiletries, and scented items must be stored in bear-proof lockers, not vehicles, to prevent bear encounters. “Bears visited our site twice in one night—lockers are a must!” reported a camper (Campendium, 2023). Rangers enforce compliance with citations for violations. Trash must be disposed of in bear-proof dumpsters, and recycling stations support the park’s zero-landfill initiative. The 4,000-foot elevation may affect those sensitive to altitude, and weather varies from warm summers (70–90°F) to chilly spring and fall nights (30–50°F). Check forecasts, as rain or early snow can occur in shoulder seasons.
Campground Map
Camper Feedback
Positives
- Location: Campers praise North Pines’ proximity to trails and attractions. “You’re a short walk from Mirror Lake and the Mist Trail—perfect!” (Hipcamp, May 2025).
- Scenery: The Merced River and views of Half Dome and El Capitan are standout features. “Riverfront sites are pure magic at sunrise,” noted a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2021).
- Amenities: Flush toilets and drinking water are generally well-maintained. “Bathrooms were clean, and the water stations were reliable,” said a camper (Yelp, 2025). Access to showers and stores at Curry Village is a plus.
- Staff: Rangers and camp hosts are attentive, quickly addressing issues like noise or wildlife concerns. “The staff was super helpful when we had a bear locker issue,” shared a camper (PerfectCamp, April 2025).
Negatives
- Crowding and Noise: The compact layout means limited privacy. “Sites are so close you can hear your neighbor’s conversations,” complained a camper (The Dyrt, 2020). Noise from Curry Village or groups can disrupt quiet hours (10 PM–6 AM).
- Bathroom Maintenance: While generally clean, peak-season crowds can strain facilities. “Restrooms got dirty by midweek,” noted a reviewer (Campendium, 2023).
- Reservations: Booking is highly competitive. “It took three months of checking daily to get a site,” said a camper (Tripadvisor, 2024). Cancellations on Recreation.gov are a camper’s best bet.
- Bear Activity: Frequent bear sightings require constant vigilance. “A bear was sniffing around at midnight—scary but manageable with lockers,” reported a camper (The Dyrt, 2021).
Tips for Campers
- Book Early: Reserve exactly five months in advance at 7:00 AM PST on Recreation.gov. Check daily for cancellations if you miss the initial window.
- Choose River Sites: Sites 101–110 along the Merced River offer scenic views and slightly more space. Verify site dimensions for RV or trailer compatibility.
- Bring Bikes: Bikes are ideal for navigating the valley’s paved paths. “Biking made exploring so easy and fun,” said a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2025).
- Bear Safety: Store all scented items in bear lockers and consider a padlock for added security. Never leave food unattended.
- Plan for Crowds: Visit in April or October for fewer crowds and vibrant scenery (spring waterfalls or fall colors). Early mornings offer quieter trails.
- Weather Prep: Pack for variable weather, including rain gear and warm layers for cool nights, especially in spring or fall.
Overall Experience
North Pines Campground is a gem for campers prioritizing location and scenery over solitude. Its setting along the Merced River, with views of Half Dome and El Capitan, immerses visitors in Yosemite Valley’s iconic beauty. The campground’s proximity to trails, bike paths, and shuttle stops makes it a convenient base for exploring the park’s wonders. However, its small size and dense layout result in limited privacy and a communal atmosphere, with noise and crowds as common drawbacks. With careful planning—early reservations, riverfront site selection, and strict adherence to bear safety protocols—North Pines offers an unforgettable Yosemite experience. “The valley’s grandeur makes every inconvenience fade away,” summed up a camper (The Dyrt, 2021).
Sources: Recreation.gov, Yosemite.com, NPS.gov, The Dyrt, Yelp, Tripadvisor, Hipcamp, Campendium, PerfectCamp, CampsitePhotos.com
Ward Charcoal Ovens
The Ward Charcoal Ovens, located in the Ward Mining District of White Pine County, Nevada, approximately 11 miles south of Ely, are a remarkably preserved set of six beehive-shaped stone kilns built in 1876 to produce charcoal for the region’s silver smelting industry. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, these ovens represent a critical component of Nevada’s 19th-century mining boom and remain a significant historical and cultural landmark.
Background and Construction (1872–1876)
The Ward Mining District was established in 1872 following the discovery of silver by prospectors, leading to the founding of the town of Ward, named after prospector William Ward. By 1875, the district’s silver mines, including the Paymaster and Martin White mines, required substantial charcoal to fuel smelting furnaces, as wood alone was insufficient for the high temperatures needed to process ore. In 1876, the Martin White Company, a San Francisco-based firm, constructed six conical charcoal ovens in Willow Creek Canyon, seven miles south of Ward, to meet this demand. Designed by Italian masons (likely Swiss-Italian stonemasons from nearby communities), the ovens were built using locally quarried tuff, a lightweight volcanic rock, bonded with lime mortar.
Each oven stands 30 feet tall and 27 feet in diameter at the base, with walls 2 feet thick at the bottom, tapering to 1 foot at the top. The beehive shape, a common design for 19th-century charcoal kilns, maximized heat retention and airflow. Each oven featured a large arched doorway at the base for loading wood and unloading charcoal, a smaller upper door for air regulation, and internal iron rods for structural support. The ovens were strategically placed near pinyon pine and juniper forests, which provided the necessary timber, and close to Willow Creek for water access during construction.
Operation and Peak Use (1876–1880)
The Ward Charcoal Ovens operated primarily from 1876 to 1880, during the height of Ward’s silver mining boom. The charcoal production process involved loading each oven with 35 cords of wood (approximately 4,480 cubic feet), sealing the door with brick and mortar, and igniting the wood through the upper vent. Controlled burning over 12 to 14 days reduced the wood to charcoal, which was then cooled, removed, and transported by mule to Ward’s smelters. Each oven could produce up to 1,750 bushels of charcoal per cycle, with the six ovens collectively supporting the smelting of millions of dollars’ worth of silver ore.
At its peak in 1877, Ward was Nevada’s largest town, with a population of 1,500, boasting a post office, hotels, saloons, stores, a Wells Fargo office, and the White Pine News. The ovens were central to this prosperity, enabling the Martin White Company’s smelter to process ore efficiently. The district produced approximately $4 million in silver (about $120 million in 2025 dollars) during its active years, with the ovens playing a critical role in sustaining the smelting industry.
Decline and Abandonment (1880–1900)
By 1880, Ward’s silver deposits began to deplete, and the completion of the Nevada Northern Railway in 1906 shifted mining focus to copper in nearby Ely, diminishing the need for charcoal. The ovens fell into disuse as smelters adopted coke (derived from coal) and other fuels, which were more cost-effective and accessible via rail. By the late 1880s, Ward’s population had plummeted, and the town was largely abandoned by 1900. The ovens, no longer needed, stood idle but were remarkably preserved due to their remote location and sturdy construction.
During their post-mining years, the ovens served various secondary purposes. Local lore describes them as shelters for prospectors, hideouts for stagecoach bandits, and gathering spots for social events like dances. One tale recounts a family living in an oven during a harsh winter, surviving by burning fires inside. These uses, while anecdotal, highlight the ovens’ enduring presence in the landscape.
Connection to Nevada Northern Railway
Although the Ward Charcoal Ovens predate the Nevada Northern Railway (completed in 1906 under Mark Requa’s leadership, as noted in prior conversation), their operation was indirectly tied to the broader mining economy that the railway later supported. The railway’s Ore Line, connecting Ely to Ruth and McGill, facilitated the transport of copper and other minerals, marking a shift from silver to copper as White Pine County’s economic driver. While the ovens were no longer active by the time the railway was built, their legacy as part of the region’s mining infrastructure complements the railway’s role in sustaining White Pine County’s mining heritage.
Preservation and Modern Significance (1971–Present)
In 1956, local residents advocated for the ovens’ preservation, leading to their designation as a Nevada State Historic Site in 1969 and inclusion in Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park in 1994. The ovens were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1978, for their significance in Nevada’s mining and industrial history. Restoration efforts in 1971 and the 1990s repaired mortar and stabilized the structures, ensuring their longevity. The Nevada Division of State Parks has maintained the site, adding interpretive signs, a picnic area, and restrooms to enhance visitor access.
Today, the ovens are a popular destination, located 11 miles south of Ely via U.S. Highway 93 and a graded gravel road (at coordinates 39°02’05.8″N, 114°50’52.8″W). Their picturesque setting in Willow Creek Canyon, near Great Basin National Park, attracts tourists, historians, and photographers. The ovens’ excellent condition—owing to the arid climate and durable tuff construction—makes them a rare surviving example of 19th-century charcoal kilns, often compared to similar structures in Death Valley and Utah.
Conclusion
The Ward Charcoal Ovens stand as a testament to White Pine County’s silver mining boom and the technological ingenuity of the 1870s. Built to fuel Ward’s smelters, they supported a vibrant community that briefly rivaled Nevada’s largest towns. Their decline mirrored the region’s shift to copper mining, facilitated by infrastructure like the Nevada Northern Railway. Preserved as a state historic park and National Register site, the ovens offer a tangible link to Nevada’s mining past, drawing visitors to explore their unique architecture and historical significance.
Nevada State Historic Marker 184
Nevada State Historical Markers identify significant places of interest in Nevada’s history. The Nevada State Legislature started the program in 1967 to bring the state’s heritage to the public’s attention with on-site markers. These roadside markers bring attention to the places, people, and events that make up Nevada’s heritage. They are as diverse as the counties they are located within and range from the typical mining boom and bust town to the largest and most accessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada Budget cuts to the program caused the program to become dormant in 2009. Many of the markers are lost or damaged.
Most of the markers across the state are large blue metal markers. However, there are a variety of other marker styles out there. For this guide they have been simplified into a few categories (blue, blue small, concrete, and stone). Sometimes, the markers are on buildings, fences, or metal stands.
These ovens were constructed during the mid 1870’s and are larger and of finer construction than most other ovens found in Nevada. They are 27 feet in diameter and 30 feet high with a capacity of about 35 cords of wood which was burned for a period of 12 days to produce about 50 bushels of good solid charcoal per cord.
The charcoal was used in the smelters at nearby Ward, about 30 to 50 bushels being required to reduce one ton of ore.
Each filling of one of these ovens required the total tree crop from 5 or 6 acres of land. During the late 1870’s the hills and mountains around many mining camps were completely stripped of all timber for a radius of up to 35 miles.
As railroads penetrated the west charcoal was replaced by coke made from coal, and the charcoal industry faded.
“The real worth of the old charcoal ovens is their historical function in reminding present day Americans of a now-vanished industry, without which the great silver and lead bonanzas of the early west could not have been harvested.” Nell Murbarger.
STATE HISTORICAL MARKER No. 184
NEVADA STATE PARK SYSTEM
Nevada State Historic Marker 184 Map
Nevada State Historic Marker Summary
| Name | Ward Charcoal Ovens |
| Location | White Pine County, Nevada |
| Latitude, Longitude | 39.0369, -114.8463 |
| Nevada State Historic Marker | 184 |
Sources
- Nevada State Historical Marker No. 96, Ward Charcoal Ovens, Nevada Division of State Parks.
- Nevada Ghost Towns & Mining Camps by Stanley W. Paher (Nevada Publications, 1970).
- Romancing Nevada’s Past: Ghost Towns and Historic Sites of Eureka, Lander, and White Pine Counties by Shawn Hall (University of Nevada Press, 1994).
- National Register of Historic Places, Ward Charcoal Ovens, NRIS #78001724.
- Nevada State Parks, Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park, parks.nv.gov.
- Roadside History of Nevada by Richard Moreno.
- Western Mining History, Ward, Nevada.