Category: Destination4x4

White Crack Campground

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Canyonlands National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah
Canyonlands National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah

White Crack Campground is a remote backcountry camping area in Canyonlands National Park’s Island in the Sky district, located along the White Rim Trail. This single campsite, accommodating up to three vehicles and 15 people, is one of the most isolated and scenic along the trail, offering unparalleled views of the Maze, Needles, and Island in the Sky districts. Perched at approximately 4,500 feet elevation, the site features expansive vistas of dramatic red rock formations, deep canyons, and distant mesas, with Candlestick Tower and the Colorado River’s gooseneck bends visible on clear days. The campground is primitive, with no potable water, shade, or wind protection, requiring campers to bring all supplies, including at least 1 gallon (4 liters) of water per person per day. A vault toilet is available, but reviews note it can be odor-prone in warmer months. The terrain is rocky and uneven, suitable for tents but challenging for securing stakes due to the hard ground. Stargazing is exceptional due to the remote location and minimal light pollution, with campers describing the night sky as “otherworldly.” Access requires a high-clearance 4×4 vehicle, as the road to White Crack is rugged and unsuitable for standard vehicles or large trucks with campers (e.g., Ford F-350 with oversized campers). Overnight permits are required, costing $36 for the reservation plus $5 per person per night, and are highly competitive, especially in spring and fall. The site’s isolation and proximity to trail’s end make it a coveted spot for those seeking solitude.

White Rim Trail

The White Rim Trail is a legendary 100-mile loop in Canyonlands National Park’s Island in the Sky district, renowned for its challenging terrain and jaw-dropping desert scenery. This high-clearance 4×4 route, also popular among mountain bikers, follows the “white rim” ledge between the mesa top and the Green and Colorado Rivers below, offering sweeping views of red rock canyons, buttes, and river valleys. Notable highlights include Gooseneck Overlook, Musselman Arch, White Crack (with its panoramic views of three park districts), and Murphy Hogback, which provides 360-degree vistas. The trail’s terrain varies from wide dirt roads to sandy stretches and technical jeep trails with cliff exposure, particularly at Shafer Trail, Lathrop Canyon Road, Murphy Hogback, Hardscrabble Hill, and Mineral Bottom switchbacks. With an elevation gain of about 9,160 feet, the route is moderately difficult for vehicles and strenuous for cyclists, typically taking 2-3 days to complete, though experienced bikers may attempt it in a single day. Permits are required for both day-use and overnight trips, with 20 designated campsites across 10 areas, including White Crack Campground. No potable water is available, and high water on the Green River (May-June) can flood western sections, potentially preventing a full loop. The best times to visit are spring (March-May) and fall (September-November) for milder temperatures and stable weather, as summer brings extreme heat and winter may bring closures.

Camp 4

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Yosemite National Park is one of the crown jewels of the National Parks system.
Yosemite National Park is one of the crown jewels of the National Parks system.

Camp 4 Campground, located in the heart of Yosemite Valley at 4,000 feet elevation, is a historic and iconic campground in Yosemite National Park, renowned as a mecca for rock climbers and a budget-friendly option for adventurers. With 35 shared tent-only sites accommodating up to six people each, Camp 4 operates on a first-come, first-served basis year-round, with a lottery system during peak season (May 22–September 30). Its compact, walk-in layout and communal atmosphere set it apart from the reservation-based Upper, Lower, and North Pines campgrounds. Situated near Yosemite Falls, Camp 4 offers a unique blend of history, affordability, and proximity to the valley’s iconic landmarks, though its lack of privacy and limited amenities may not suit everyone. Below is a detailed review of its setting, amenities, accessibility, and overall experience, paired with a vivid description of the Yosemite Valley floor.

Description of Yosemite Valley Floor

Yosemite Valley, the stunning backdrop for Camp 4, is a glacial-carved wonder stretching roughly 7 miles long and 1 mile wide at 4,000 feet elevation. Framed by towering granite cliffs, the valley floor is a breathtaking tapestry of natural beauty. The Merced River winds gently through its center, reflecting the surrounding peaks and adding a serene ambiance. Iconic landmarks define the landscape: Half Dome’s sheer granite face rises dramatically to the east, El Capitan’s massive monolith looms to the west, and Yosemite Falls, one of North America’s tallest waterfalls, cascades with peak flow in spring, its roar audible from Camp 4.

The valley floor blends dense forests of Ponderosa pine, California black oak, and white fir with open meadows like Cooks Meadow, which burst with wildflowers in spring and early summer. These meadows attract wildlife, including mule deer, squirrels, and occasionally black bears, adding to the valley’s allure. Approximately 12 miles of paved bike paths and hiking trails crisscross the flat terrain, ideal for exploration by foot or bike. Landmarks like Glacier Point, accessible by a short drive, offer panoramic views of Half Dome, Clouds Rest, and the Sierra Nevada. The valley’s beauty shifts with the light—golden hues illuminate the cliffs at sunset, while morning mists create a mystical atmosphere. Summer crowds, however, can congest trails and shuttle stops, especially near Yosemite Village.

Campground Details

Location and Accessibility

Camp 4 is located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near the Yosemite Valley Lodge and the base of Yosemite Falls, making it a prime spot for climbers tackling nearby routes like El Capitan and Swan Slab. The campground is reachable via Highway 41 from Fresno, Highway 140 from Merced, or Highway 120 from Manteca, with clear signage guiding visitors to Yosemite Valley. A free shuttle bus stops nearby at the Yosemite Valley Lodge, connecting campers to key attractions like Curry Village, Yosemite Village, and trailheads, reducing the need for driving. The campground is a short walk from the Lower Yosemite Fall trailhead, offering easy access to one of the park’s most popular hikes.

As a walk-in campground, Camp 4 requires campers to park in a shared lot and carry gear a short distance (50–100 yards) to sites. There are no designated wheelchair-accessible sites, and the uneven terrain and lack of paved paths may pose challenges for those with mobility issues. Restrooms are accessible, but the campground’s rustic nature limits overall accessibility compared to Upper, Lower, or North Pines.

Amenities

Each of Camp 4’s 35 sites includes a fire ring with grill, a shared bear-proof food storage locker (33”D x 45”W x 18”H), and access to picnic tables in communal areas. The campground provides flush toilets and drinking water but lacks showers, laundry facilities, or hook-ups for RVs, as it is tent-only. Showers are available at Curry Village or Housekeeping Camp, a 15–20-minute walk or short shuttle ride away. A general store, restaurants, and an activities desk at Yosemite Valley Lodge or Curry Village meet additional needs, such as groceries or tour bookings. A free dump station is available near Upper Pines, about a mile away, though irrelevant for Camp 4’s tent-only setup.

Campsite Layout and Privacy

Camp 4’s sites are arranged in a compact, walk-in layout within a forested area of Ponderosa pines, offering shade but minimal privacy. Sites are shared, with up to six people per site, often strangers, fostering a communal, social atmosphere. “It’s like a climber’s hostel—expect to make friends,” noted a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2021). Sites are closely spaced, with little separation between tents, and noise from neighboring campers or nearby Yosemite Falls can be noticeable. Some sites near the perimeter offer slightly more space, but the overall layout prioritizes efficiency over seclusion. The campground’s historic vibe, with boulder-strewn grounds and climbing gear strewn about, adds to its unique charm.

RV and Tent Camping

Camp 4 is exclusively for tent camping, with no RV or trailer accommodations. Each site allows up to six people, with gear carried from the parking lot to the site. The parking lot accommodates two vehicles per site, with overflow parking available nearby at Yosemite Valley Lodge. Generator use is irrelevant, as the campground caters to a low-tech, tent-based experience.

Reservation and Cost

Camp 4 operates on a first-come, first-served basis year-round, with a daily lottery system during peak season (May 22–September 30). From 8:30 AM, campers register at the kiosk for a lottery drawn at 9:00 AM, assigning sites for that day. The cost is $6 per person per night, making it one of Yosemite’s most affordable options. Outside peak season, sites are first-come, first-served without a lottery, but arriving early (by 6–7 AM) is essential, as spots fill quickly. “We lined up at 5:30 AM and still barely got a site,” reported a camper (Yelp, 2025). A waitlist is available at the kiosk for cancellations, but patience is required. The campground remains open in winter, with fewer sites available due to snow.

Activities and Attractions

Camp 4’s location is a climber’s paradise, with bouldering opportunities and climbing routes like Swan Slab and Glacier Point Apron nearby. The Lower Yosemite Fall trail, a 1-mile roundtrip, is a short walk away, and trails to Upper Yosemite Fall (7.2 miles roundtrip) and Glacier Point are accessible by foot or shuttle. The valley’s 12 miles of paved bike paths make cycling a popular way to explore, with rentals available at Yosemite Valley Lodge or Curry Village. Rafting on the Merced River is an option in summer, and ranger-led programs, including climbing talks and naturalist walks, are offered nearby. Yosemite Village, a short shuttle ride away, houses a museum, art center, and visitor center. The campground’s historic significance—listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its role in climbing culture—adds a unique draw, with climbers often sharing stories around communal fire rings.

Wildlife and Safety

Yosemite Valley is rich with wildlife, including black bears, mule deer, and raccoons, requiring strict food storage protocols. All food, toiletries, and scented items must be stored in shared bear-proof lockers, not vehicles or tents, to prevent bear encounters. “Bears are active here—don’t skip the lockers,” warned a camper (Campendium, 2023). Rangers enforce compliance with citations, and bear sightings are common, especially at night. Trash must be disposed of in bear-proof dumpsters, and recycling stations support the park’s zero-landfill goal. The 4,000-foot elevation may affect those sensitive to altitude, and weather ranges from warm summers (70–90°F) to cold spring and fall nights (30–50°F), with snow possible in winter. Check forecasts, as rain or early snow can impact tent camping.

Campground Map

Camper Feedback

Positives

  • Location: Campers love Camp 4’s proximity to Yosemite Falls and climbing routes. “It’s a climber’s dream—steps from bouldering and trails,” said a reviewer (Hipcamp, June 2025).
  • Affordability: At $6 per person per night, it’s a budget-friendly option. “Cheapest way to stay in the valley,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2021).
  • Community: The shared-site setup fosters a unique social vibe. “Met amazing climbers from all over the world,” shared a reviewer (Yelp, 2025).
  • Scenery: The forested setting and views of Yosemite Falls are highlights. “Falling asleep to the sound of the falls is unreal,” said a camper (Tripadvisor, 2024).

Negatives

  • Crowding and Noise: The shared sites and compact layout mean zero privacy. “You’re basically camping on top of strangers,” complained a camper (The Dyrt, 2020). Noise from climbers or Yosemite Falls can disrupt sleep.
  • No Reservations: The first-come, first-served system is stressful. “Waiting in line at 5 AM for the lottery is brutal,” noted a reviewer (Campendium, 2023).
  • Limited Amenities: No showers or laundry on-site and shared lockers can be inconvenient. “You’re roughing it here,” said a camper (Yirono
  • Bear Activity: Frequent bear visits require vigilance. “A bear got into a neighbor’s tent—use the lockers!” warned a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2021).

Tips for Campers

  • Arrive Early: Line up by 5–6 AM for the lottery or off-season first-come, first-served sites, especially in summer. Bring a warm drink for the wait.
  • Pack Light: Walk-in sites require carrying gear, so minimize heavy equipment. A cart or backpack is helpful.
  • Bear Safety: Store all scented items in shared lockers and consider a padlock for security. Never leave food unattended.
  • Bring Bikes: Bikes are ideal for navigating the valley’s paved paths. “Biking saved us from crowded shuttles,” said a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2025).
  • Plan for Weather: Pack for variable weather, including rain gear and warm layers for cool nights, especially in spring, fall, or winter.
  • Embrace the Vibe: Be prepared for a social, communal experience. Bring earplugs for noise and a friendly attitude for shared sites.

Overall Experience

Camp 4 Campground offers a unique, budget-friendly Yosemite experience steeped in climbing history and communal spirit. Its location near Yosemite Falls and climbing routes, combined with stunning valley views, makes it a favorite for adventurers willing to embrace its rustic, social setup. The lack of privacy, limited amenities, and competitive site acquisition are drawbacks, but the affordability and vibrant atmosphere make up for it for many. “It’s not for everyone, but it’s the heart of Yosemite’s climbing culture,” summed up a camper (The Dyrt, 2021). With early arrivals, bear safety diligence, and an open mindset, Camp 4 delivers an unforgettable stay in one of the world’s most iconic landscapes.

Sources: Recreation.gov, Yosemite.com, NPS.gov, The Dyrt, Yelp, Tripadvisor, Hipcamp, Campendium, PerfectCamp, CampsitePhotos.com

White Wolf Campground

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Yosemite National Park is one of the crown jewels of the National Parks system.
Yosemite National Park is one of the crown jewels of the National Parks system.

White Wolf Campground, nestled in the Yosemite High Country at 8,000 feet elevation along Tioga Road, is a serene, seasonal campground in Yosemite National Park, offering 74 single-family sites for tents, RVs, and trailers up to 27 feet, and four walk-in tent-only sites. Open approximately from early July to early September (weather permitting), it operates on a first-come, first-served basis, with no reservations available, making early arrival critical. Surrounded by lodgepole pines, meadows, and granite outcrops, the campground provides a peaceful retreat near White Wolf Meadow and trailheads to Lukens Lake and Harden Lake. Its remote location, about 1–1.5 hours from Yosemite Valley and 20 miles from Tuolumne Meadows, offers solitude and access to high-country trails, but the lack of amenities like showers and the high elevation require preparation. This review details the campground’s setting, amenities, accessibility, and overall experience, paired with a description of the Yosemite High Country.

Description of the Yosemite High Country

The Yosemite High Country, encompassing areas along Tioga Road and Tuolumne Meadows at elevations of 8,000–10,000 feet, is a subalpine paradise of granite domes, alpine meadows, and pristine lakes, offering a stark contrast to the bustling Yosemite Valley. This region features expansive landscapes like Tuolumne Meadows, dotted with wildflowers in summer, and iconic formations such as Lembert Dome, Cathedral Peak, and Mount Dana. The Tuolumne River winds through, creating serene spots for wading or fishing, while lakes like Tenaya, Elizabeth, and Cathedral shimmer against rugged Sierra Nevada peaks. Trails like the John Muir Trail, Pacific Crest Trail, and shorter hikes to North Dome or Gaylor Lakes provide breathtaking vistas of the High Sierra and distant glimpses of Half Dome.

The High Country’s cooler climate (daytime highs of 60–80°F, dropping to 30–50°F at night) and thinner air offer crisp, clean air and exceptional stargazing due to minimal light pollution. Wildlife abounds, including black bears, marmots, pikas, Clark’s nutcrackers, and rare bighorn sheep at higher elevations. The area’s remoteness—about 1.5 hours from Yosemite Valley—ensures fewer crowds, though Tioga Road closes from November to May or June due to snow, limiting access. With its alpine beauty, granite expanses, and tranquil meadows, the High Country embodies Yosemite’s wild, untouched essence, perfect for hikers, climbers, and those seeking solitude.

Campground Details

Location and Accessibility

White Wolf Campground is located off Tioga Road (Highway 120), approximately 45 miles (1–1.5 hours) northeast of Yosemite Valley and 20 miles west of Tuolumne Meadows. From Lee Vining, take Highway 120 west for 30 miles past the Tioga Pass Entrance Station; from Yosemite Valley, take Big Oak Flat Road to Tioga Road, then continue 14 miles past Crane Flat to the campground entrance on the left. The access road is a short, paved spur suitable for vehicles up to 27 feet, but larger RVs may struggle with tight turns and tree cover. The campground is near White Wolf Lodge (temporarily closed in 2025 for renovations), which historically offered cabins and dining.

The campground features paved roads and parking spurs, with no designated wheelchair-accessible sites, though some sites near vault toilets are relatively flat. The rocky terrain and high elevation may pose challenges for those with mobility issues. Vault toilets are available, but there is no potable water; campers must filter, boil, or treat water from nearby creeks or bring their own (1 gallon per person per day recommended). No cell service is available, and the nearest amenities are at Tuolumne Meadows Store (20 miles) or Crane Flat (14 miles). A seasonal shuttle connects to Tuolumne Meadows and Yosemite Valley, but most campers drive. Check-in is at the entrance kiosk, and sites must appear occupied (e.g., with a tent or chair) to hold them.

Amenities

Each campsite includes a picnic table, fire ring with grill, and a bear-proof food storage locker (45”W x 33”D x 18”H). Vault toilets are provided, but there are no flush toilets, potable water, showers, or laundry facilities. “Bring a filter for creek water—none on-site,” advised a camper (The Dyrt, 2024). The nearest dump station is at Tuolumne Meadows Campground (20 miles) or Upper Pines in Yosemite Valley (45 miles). No electric, water, or sewer hook-ups are available. The Tuolumne Meadows Store, 20 miles away, sells groceries, firewood, and supplies, while Crane Flat offers gas and a small store. Trash and recycling collection are provided, with bear-proof dumpsters to protect wildlife. The campground is generator-free, ensuring a quiet atmosphere.

Campsite Layout and Privacy

White Wolf Campground is organized into a single loop with sites nestled among lodgepole pines, granite boulders, and small meadows near White Wolf Meadow. The four walk-in tent sites (50–100 feet from parking) offer the most seclusion, while drive-in sites vary in privacy. Sites like 1–10 near the entrance are closer to the road, while those deeper in the loop (e.g., 50–74) are more private, with tree cover and meadow views. “Site 68 was tucked away with great shade and meadow access,” noted a camper (CampsitePhotos.com, 2023). The compact layout means some sites are close together, but the forested setting and low site count (compared to Tuolumne Meadows’ 304 sites) enhance tranquility. The nearby creek adds a soothing ambiance, though it may dry up by late summer.

RV and Tent Camping

The campground accommodates tents, RVs, and trailers up to 27 feet, with most sites limited to 24 feet due to narrow roads and tree cover. All vehicles must stay on paved or cleared areas, and pop-outs or awnings may not fit at smaller sites. Two vehicles are allowed per site (trailers excluded), with overflow parking near the entrance. The four walk-in sites are tent-only, requiring a short carry from the parking lot. “Our 25-foot RV barely fit site 20—check dimensions carefully,” warned a camper (Campendium, 2024). The generator-free policy preserves the peaceful setting, and campfires are allowed unless fire restrictions apply (check NPS.gov). The high elevation and wildlife, like deer or marmots, add to the rustic charm.

Reservation and Cost

White Wolf operates on a first-come, first-served basis from early July to early September, with no reservations available. Sites cost $30 per night, payable by cash, credit card, or check at the kiosk (cash or check only if the ranger is unavailable). Arrive by 7–8 AM to secure a spot, as the campground often fills by mid-morning in peak season. “We got in line at 6:30 AM and barely got a site,” reported a camper (Hipcamp, 2024). A park entrance fee ($35 per vehicle, valid for 7 days) is separate, and day-use reservations may be required to enter Yosemite from June 15 to August 15, 2025, between 6 AM and 4 PM. The campground closes from September to July due to snow and Tioga Road closures.

Activities and Attractions

White Wolf Campground is a gateway to High Country adventures. The Lukens Lake Trail (1.6 miles roundtrip) and Harden Lake Trail (5.6 miles roundtrip) start at the campground, offering meadow and lake views with moderate climbs. The Ten Lakes Trail (12.6 miles roundtrip) and May Lake Trail (2.5 miles roundtrip), accessible via short drives, provide stunning alpine scenery. Tuolumne Meadows, 20 miles east, offers trails like Cathedral Lakes (7 miles) and Elizabeth Lake (4.8 miles), plus swimming at Tenaya Lake. Glacier Point, 32 miles away, offers panoramic views of Half Dome. The nearby White Wolf Meadow is ideal for wildflower viewing in July. Ranger-led programs, like stargazing and geology talks, are available at Tuolumne Meadows, and Yosemite Valley (1.5 hours) offers trails like the Mist Trail and rafting on the Merced River (seasonal).

Wildlife and Safety

The High Country hosts black bears, marmots, deer, pikas, and Clark’s nutcrackers. All food, toiletries, and scented items must be stored in bear-proof lockers to prevent bear encounters; bear spray is prohibited in Yosemite. “Bears visited our site at 2 AM—lockers are a must!” warned a camper (Tripadvisor, 2024). Rangers enforce compliance with citations, and bear-proof dumpsters are provided. The 8,000-foot elevation may cause altitude sickness, so hydrate and rest upon arrival. Weather ranges from warm days (60–80°F) to cold nights (30–50°F), with thunderstorms possible in July and August. “A storm hit fast—our rainfly saved us,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2024). Tioga Road closes from November to May/June due to snow. Bring warm layers, rain gear, and a water filter, as no potable water is available.

Campground Map

Camper Feedback

Positives

  • Scenic Beauty: The forested meadow setting is a highlight. “Waking up to pines and granite was pure magic,” said a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2024).
  • Trail Access: Nearby hikes are praised. “Lukens Lake trail from camp was a gem,” noted a camper (Hipcamp, 2024).
  • Quiet Atmosphere: Less crowded than valley campgrounds. “So peaceful compared to Upper Pines,” shared a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2024).
  • Wildlife: Sightings of marmots and deer add charm. “A pika darted across our site—so cute!” said a camper (CampsitePhotos.com, 2023).

Negatives

  • No Reservations: The first-come, first-served system is stressful. “Lining up at 6 AM was brutal,” complained a camper (Campendium, 2024).
  • No Potable Water: The lack of drinking water frustrates some. “Filtering creek water was a chore,” noted a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2024).
  • Vault Toilets: Primitive facilities deter some. “No showers or flush toilets—come prepared,” warned a camper (Hipcamp, 2024).
  • Bear Activity: Frequent bear visits require vigilance. “Bears were active nightly—use lockers,” advised a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2024).

Tips for Campers

  • Arrive Early: Arrive by 7 AM for first-come, first-served sites, especially in July–August. Bring a warm drink for the wait.
  • Bring Water: Pack at least 1 gallon of water per person per day and a reliable water filter, as creek water may be low in August.
  • Bear Safety: Store all scented items in bear lockers and use a padlock. Never leave food unattended.
  • Weather Prep: Pack for cold nights and potential thunderstorms. A tarp or rainfly is essential for July–August.
  • Acclimatize: Rest upon arrival to adjust to the 8,000-foot elevation. Stay hydrated to avoid altitude sickness.
  • Explore Nearby: Hike Lukens Lake or drive to Tuolumne Meadows (20 miles) for more trails and scenic views.

Overall Experience

White Wolf Campground offers a tranquil, high-country camping experience in Yosemite, with its lodgepole pine setting and proximity to meadows and trails like Lukens Lake providing a peaceful escape from Yosemite Valley’s crowds. Its remote location and first-come, first-served system appeal to spontaneous adventurers, though the lack of potable water, showers, and reservations requires careful planning. “White Wolf is Yosemite’s hidden treasure—quiet and wild,” summed up a camper (The Dyrt, 2024). With early arrival, water and bear safety preparations, and gear for high-altitude weather, White Wolf Campground delivers an unforgettable immersion in the Yosemite High Country’s alpine splendor.

Sources: Recreation.gov, NPS.gov, The Dyrt, Tripadvisor, Hipcamp, CampsitePhotos.com, Yosemite.com, Campendium, ParkRangerJohn.com

The Tombstone Epitaph, March 20, 1882

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The Tombstone Epitaph, March 20, 1882 reports of the murder of Tombstone Resident Morgan Earp while playing pool in Tombstone, Arizona. This event followed the O K Corral shootout and the attempted murder of Virgil Earp. These two events caused Wyatt Earp to lead a vendetta ride across the desert hunting the assassins. The death of Moargan made the right side of page three.

The Tombstone Epitaph, March 20, 1882
The Tombstone Epitaph, March 20, 1882
Morgan Earp historical photo, 1881. Probably taken by C.S. Fly.
Morgan Earp historical photo, 1881. Probably taken by C.S. Fly.

March 20, 1882
THE DEADLY BULLET
The Assassin at Last Successful in His Devilish Mission

Morgan Earp Shot Down and Killed While Playing Billiards

At 10:00 Saturday night while engaged in playing a game of billiards in Campbell & Hatch’s Billiard parlor, on Allen between Fourth and Fifth, Morgan Earp was shot through the body by an unknown assassin.

At the time the shot was fired he was playing a game with Bob Hatch, one of the proprietors of the house and was standing with his back to the glass door in the rear of the room that opens out upon the alley that leads straight through the block along the west side of A.D. Otis & Co.’s store to Fremont Street.

This door is the ordinary glass door with four panes in the top in place of panels. The two lower panes are painted, the upper ones being clear. Anyone standing outside can look over the painted glass and see anything going on in the room just as well as though standing in the open door.

At the time the shot was fired the deceased must have been standing within ten feet of the door, and the assassin standing near enough to see his position, took aim for about the middle of his person, shooting through the upper portion of the whitened glass.

The bullet entered the right side of the abdomen, passing through the spinal column, completely shattering it, emerging on the left side, passing the length of the room and lodging in the thigh of Geo. A.B. Berry, who was standing by the stove, inflicting a painful flesh wound.

Instantly after the first shot a second was fired through the top of the upper glass which passed across the room and lodged in the wall near the ceiling over the head of Wyatt Earp, who was sitting as a spectator of the game.

Morgan fell instantly upon the first fire and lived only about one hour. His brother Wyatt, Tipton, and McMasters rushed to the side of the wounded man and tenderly picked him up and moved him some ten feet away near the door of the card room, where Drs. Matthews, Goodfellow and Millar, who were called, examined him and, after a brief consultation, pronounced the wound mortal.

He was then moved into the card room and placed on the lounge where in a few brief moments he breathed his last, surrounded by his brothers, Wyatt, Virgil, James and Warren with the wives of Virgil and James and a few of his most intimate friends.

Notwithstanding the intensity of his mortal agony, not a word of complaint escaped his lips, and all that were heard, except those whispered into the ear of his brother and known only to him were, “Don’t, I can’t stand it. This is the last game of pool I’ll ever play.” The first part of the sentence being wrung from him by an attempt to place him upon his feet.

The funeral cortege started away from the Cosmopolitan hotel about 12:30 yesterday with the fire bell tolling its solemn peals of “Earth to earth, dust to dust.”

References

Statement of E F Boyle in the Preliminary Hearing in the Earp-Holliday Case

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A Brief History

The gunfight at the O.K. Corral summary refers to an infamous shootout in the American West in the streets of Tombstone Arizona at at 3:00pm, October 26,1881. Wyatt Earp, Doc Holiday, and Wyatts brothers Virgil and Morgan confronted Ike Clanton, Billy Clanton, Billy Claiborn and brothers Frank and Tom McLaury in a vacant lot next to the uninteresting O.K. Corral over death threats made in recent days.

The thirty second gunfight caused witnesses to see nine men fire dozens of times at distances of under twenty feet. The aftermath left three men dead and became the most notorious gunfight of the wild west.

Following the trial, murder charges were filed against the Earp brothers and Doc Holiday. I preliminary hearing in front of Justice of the Peach Wells Spencer. The thirty day trail held court in the Tombstone Mining exchange and heard testimony from both sides of the confrontation. The defendants were found not guilty and only promoted a deadly feud between the Earps and the Clantons.

Statement of E F Boyle

The transcribed testimony and statement of E. F. Boyle regarding the gunfight on Fremont Street in Tombstone, Arizona Territory. E. F Boyle is one of six people who testified that they heard Ike Clanton making threats to kill the Earps and Holiday. Boyle testified on November 17th and 23rd, 1881.

On this seventeenth day of November, 1881, on the hearing of the above entitled cause, on the examination of Wyatt Earp and J. H. Holliday; E. F. Boyle, a witness of lawful age being produced and sworn, deposes and says as follows:

E. F. Boyle, November 17, 1881. Barkeeper. To questions, relates that he knows Ike and that he met Ike in front of the telegraph office, about 8:30 or 9 A.M., October 26. They had a talk. Ike had a pistol with him.

(Q) State what if any threats were then made by him in respect to Wyatt Earp, Virgil Earp, Morgan Earp or Doc Holliday, and if any threats were made, whether or not you communicated the same to W. Earp, V. Earp, M. Earp or Doc Holliday before the difficulty [later in the day]. Objected to. Objection sustained. Unanswered.

[Signed] E. F. Boyle

E. F. Boyle, a barkeeper, of Tombstone, November 23, 1881.

(Q) As to any threats he had heard from Ike. Objected to by prosecution. [Overruled.]
(A) After I went off watch at 8 o’clock in the morning, I met Ike Clanton in front of the telegraph office in this town. His pistol was in sight and I covered it with his coat and advised him to go to bed. He insisted that he wouldn’t go to bed: that as soon as the Earps and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street, the ball would open-that they would have to fight. He started to Kelly’s saloon and I went down to Wyatt Earp’s house and told him that Ike Clanton had threatened that when him and his brothers and Doc Holliday showed themselves on the street that the ball would open. Then I left and went home to bed.

(Q) Did you see any weapons [on Ike] except the rifle?

(A) Yes the pistol.

(Q) Do you know Tom and Frank McLaury and Billy Clanton?

(A) I know them all.

(Q) Do you know their reputation for courage and how expert they were in the use of firearms?

(A) Only by hearsay.

(Q) To what extent is that hearsay?

(A) The hearsay is that they are the finest in the country.

CROSS EXAMINATION

(Q) [Not written].

(A) Ike Clanton was the only one present at the time of our conversation.

(Q) [Not written].

(A) Learned of their reputation last year before the difficulty.

(Q) [Not written.]

(A) Knew Tom McLaury about 18 months, never knew him to be in a difficulty with anybody. Learned of Tom McLaury’s reputation from old James Sweeny of Pick-‘Em-Up. I learned that Tom was one of the best shots in the country. I never questioned his courage.

(Q) Now tell me, who else told you about his reputation as a courageous and fine shot?

(A) Well, there [were] several sitting together down at Pick-‘Em-Up, and Jim Sweeny and Ned Fielder were speaking of his courage and being a fine shot, all I know of his reputation is from these men.

(Q) [Not written].

(A) Knew Billy Clanton about the same length of time. Never was on intimate terms with him. Never knew him to be in any difficulty.

(Q) How do you come to state he had a general reputation for courage and was an expert shot?

(A) From the association of men he traveled with.

(Q) [Not written].

(A) I can’t tell any of the men from whom I heard their reputation. I have known Ike Clanton about two years. Knew Frank McLaury about 18 months. Ed Shipman, he now lives in Los Angeles, and it is from his statement that I got his general reputation, and no other.

(Q) [Not written].

(A) Will Hicks and Frank McLaury were in Kelly’s saloon and a man named Smith that keeps a store in Galeyville and Frank McLaury went out. This all happened one morning about two months ago. I came to open up the saloon for Kelly, and when I opened the saloon, I met this big [sic] Ed Byrnes, Frank McLaury, and John Ringo; and Byrnes started to tell me what-[all crossed out with lines, but no notation of the same.]

(Q) Did you ever of your [own] knowledge know of Frank McLaury to be in any difficulty?

(A) No sir.

Refereces