Category: Destination4x4

Devils Garden Campground

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Arches National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah
Arches National Park is located in the south eastern corner of the state of Utah

Devils Garden Campground, nestled at approximately 5,200 feet elevation in Arches National Park, Utah, is the park’s only developed campground, offering 51 individual sites (including one accessibility site) and two group sites (Canyon Wren and Juniper Basin) for tents and RVs up to 40 feet. Open year-round, it requires reservations from March 1 to October 31 through Recreation.gov, with sites available first-come, first-served from November 1 to February 28. Located 18 miles from the park entrance at the end of the main park road, the campground is surrounded by dramatic sandstone fins, arches, and desert flora, providing direct access to the Devils Garden Trailhead and iconic arches like Landscape Arch. With flush toilets, potable water, and fire rings but no showers or hook-ups, it’s a rustic yet stunning base for exploring Arches. This review details the campground’s setting, amenities, accessibility, and overall experience, paired with a description of Arches National Park.

Description of Arches National Park

Arches National Park, spanning 76,679 acres in southeastern Utah near Moab, is renowned for its over 2,000 natural sandstone arches and geological formations, carved by erosion over millions of years. Situated at 4,000–5,600 feet elevation, the park showcases a surreal landscape of red rock fins, spires, and balanced rocks against the backdrop of the La Sal Mountains. Iconic features include Delicate Arch (a 3-mile round-trip hike), Landscape Arch (the world’s longest natural arch at 290 feet), and Balanced Rock, accessible via a 0.3-mile loop. The park’s 18-mile scenic drive connects key viewpoints like Park Avenue, The Windows, and Devils Garden, offering vistas of desert vistas and towering formations.

The park’s high desert climate brings hot summers (80–100°F, often exceeding 100°F in July–August) and cold winters (20–50°F), with nights dropping significantly. Summer monsoons and occasional snow add variety, while the International Dark Sky Park status ensures exceptional stargazing, with the Milky Way visible on clear nights. Wildlife includes mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, cougars, red foxes, and birds like pinyon jays. Vegetation features pinyon pines, junipers, and seasonal wildflowers (best in April–May). With 26 miles of trails, from easy walks to strenuous scrambles like the Fiery Furnace (permit required), plus activities like rock climbing, biking on paved roads, and ranger-led programs, Arches is a haven for hikers, photographers, and adventurers. Nearby Moab (5 miles) offers rafting on the Colorado River, mountain biking, and access to Canyonlands National Park.

Campground Details

Location and Accessibility

Devils Garden Campground is located 18 miles from the park’s entrance off US Highway 191, 5 miles north of Moab. From I-70, take Exit 182, travel south on US 191 for 26 miles to the park entrance, then follow the main park road to its end at Devils Garden. The drive offers stunning views but can be slow due to traffic and sightseeing drivers. “It’s a 30-minute drive from the entrance—plan for gawkers,” noted a camper (Tripadvisor, 2025). The campground is on the right before the Devils Garden Trailhead, with a paved road and spurs for most sites. Site 7 and site 4H are ADA-accessible, with paved areas around picnic tables and fire rings, and a paved path to the amphitheater and flush restrooms.

The campground has no cell service for most carriers, though T-Mobile may get 1–2 bars LTE near the amphitheater. “No signal at site 46, but we got a bar at the amphitheater,” reported a camper (Campendium, 2025). Potable water is available, but the Visitor Center (18 miles) is the only reliable water source for large quantities. A timed entry reservation is required for park entry from April to October (6 AM–5 PM), but campground reservations exempt campers from this requirement, though the $30 vehicle entrance fee (valid 7 days) applies. Check-in is at the host cabin near the entrance, where firewood ($5/bundle) is sold. The campground’s remoteness and lack of showers or hook-ups require preparation.

Amenities

Each campsite includes a picnic table, fire ring with grill, and access to potable water and flush/vault toilets. “Bathrooms were spotless,” praised a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025). No showers, dump stations, or electric/water/sewer hook-ups are available; the nearest showers are in Moab (10-minute drive from the Visitor Center). A dishwashing sink and trash/recycling dumpsters are provided, with animal-proof containers to deter wildlife. Firewood must be purchased from the camp host, as collecting wood is prohibited. The campground has an amphitheater for ranger-led programs, such as geology talks and stargazing, which campers love: “Kid-friendly ranger talks were a highlight,” said a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2023). Generators are allowed from 8 AM to 10 AM and 4 PM to 8 PM, but many sites are quiet due to tent campers and Dark Sky regulations prohibiting extra lighting.

Campsite Layout and Privacy

Devils Garden Campground is a single-loop layout among sandstone fins, pinyon pines, and junipers, offering a mix of open and tucked-away sites. Sites 18, 20, 21, 23, and 24, on the north/east side, have stunning views of arches and the La Sal Mountains but are exposed to sun and wind. Sites 46, 48, 50, 51, and 52, on the south side, are nestled among rocks for more shade and privacy. “Site 46 was private with rocks for kids to climb,” noted a camper (Campendium, 2025). Sites are paved (except tent pads), with parallel parking for most (e.g., sites 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 shared) and two pull-through sites (12, 19). Sites are relatively close together but designed for some seclusion. “No bad sites—every spot has views,” said a reviewer (PerfectCamp, 2025). The Canyon Wren (11–35 campers, $75–$160/night) and Juniper Basin (11–55 campers, $100–$250/night) group sites are tent-only and spacious, with Canyon Wren offering Skyline Arch views.

RV and Tent Camping

The campground accommodates tents and RVs/trailers up to 40 feet, with most sites fitting 20–30 feet due to tight spurs. “Our 35’ fifth wheel fit site 46, but backing in was tight,” reported a camper (Campendium, 2025). Two vehicles are allowed per site, with overflow parking near the entrance. Tent pads are dirt, and sites like 48, 50, and 51 are spacious for tents, with rock formations for privacy. “Site 52 was perfect for our tent—private and scenic,” said a camper (Tripadvisor, 2025). The lack of hook-ups and dump stations means RVers must plan for self-contained camping; the nearest dump station is in Moab. Pets are allowed on leashes in the campground but not on unpaved trails. The high desert setting, with red rock views and starry skies, enhances the experience, though limited shade requires sun protection.

Reservation and Cost

From March 1 to October 31, all 51 individual sites ($25/night, up to 10 people) and two group sites ($75–$250/night based on group size) require reservations via Recreation.gov, bookable six months in advance at 10 AM EDT. “Log in right at 10 AM—sites sell out fast,” advised a camper (Reddit, 2024). From November 1 to February 28, sites are first-come, first-served, with better availability but still competitive. “Got a spot in November without a reservation,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2023). The group sites are tent-only, with Canyon Wren (up to 35) and Juniper Basin (up to 55) reservable up to 12 months in advance. A $30 vehicle entrance fee (valid 7 days) is separate, with a 14-day stay limit park-wide. Cancellations incur a $20 fee and forfeit one night’s cost.

Activities and Attractions

Devils Garden Campground is steps from the Devils Garden Trailhead, offering access to the 7.2-mile Devils Garden Loop (visiting Landscape Arch, Tunnel Arch, Pine Tree Arch, Double O Arch, and more) and the 2-mile Broken Arch Trail. “Hiking to Tapestry Arch in the afternoon light was magical,” said a camper (Tripadvisor, 2025). Other trails include Delicate Arch (3 miles, 18 miles away) and Fiery Furnace (2 miles, permit required). The campground’s location avoids morning entrance lines, ideal for sunrise hikes. Stargazing is exceptional, with ranger-led astronomy programs at the amphitheater. Nearby Moab offers rafting, mountain biking, and dining, while Canyonlands National Park (30 miles) and Dead Horse Point State Park (25 miles) provide additional adventures. Rock climbing and scenic drives along Park Avenue or The Windows are popular, with ranger programs at the Visitor Center.

Wildlife and Safety

Wildlife includes mule deer, desert bighorn sheep, cougars, and kangaroo rats, with pinyon jays and lizards common. Food must be stored securely to deter animals, though bear activity is rare. The 5,200-foot elevation is less taxing than higher parks, but summer heat (100°F+) requires 1 gallon of water per person per day for hiking. “Went through two bottles on Double O Arch hike,” warned a camper (National Parks Traveler, 2012). Summer monsoons and slickrock pose risks; check NPS.gov for weather alerts. Winter nights drop to 20–30°F, so bring warm layers. Cell service is unreliable—don’t rely on it for navigation or emergencies. “No service at camp, so plan ahead,” noted a reviewer (The Dyrt, 2024). Pets must be leashed, and firewood collection is prohibited to protect the desert ecosystem.

Campground Map

Camper Feedback

Positives

  • Scenic Beauty: The sandstone formations and La Sal Mountain views are stunning. “Camping among red rocks was unreal,” said a reviewer (PerfectCamp, 2025).
  • Trail Access: Proximity to Devils Garden and Broken Arch trails is a highlight. “Walked to Landscape Arch from camp—perfect,” noted a camper (The Dyrt, 2025).
  • Clean Facilities: Flush toilets and restrooms are well-maintained. “Bathrooms were clean despite no showers,” said a reviewer (Tripadvisor, 2025).
  • Stargazing: The Dark Sky Park status is a draw. “Stars were incredible—best we’ve seen,” praised a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025).

Negatives

  • No Showers: The lack of showers is a common complaint. “Had to drive to Moab for showers,” noted a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025).
  • Competitive Reservations: Sites book up quickly. “Missed a spot despite logging in at 10 AM,” complained a camper (Reddit, 2024).
  • Limited Shade: Exposed sites get hot. “Site 20 was windy and sunny—bring a canopy,” advised a reviewer (PerfectCamp, 2025).
  • Small Sites: Some sites are tight for larger RVs. “Site 7 was small for our 35’ RV,” said a camper (Campendium, 2025).

Tips for Campers

  • Book Early: Reserve sites exactly six months in advance at 10 AM EDT on Recreation.gov for March–October. Check for cancellations if you miss out.
  • Choose Sites Wisely: Pick sites 18, 20, 21, 23, or 24 for views, or 46, 48, 50, 51, or 52 for privacy and shade. Use Recreation.gov’s site map.
  • Bring Water: Carry 1 gallon per person per day for hiking and camping, as water at the campground can taste chlorinated. “Visitor Center water was better,” noted a camper (KTNPBlog, 2021).
  • Prepare for Heat: Pack sun protection (hats, canopies) and extra water for summer. Hike early to avoid crowds and heat.
  • Stargazing: Attend ranger-led astronomy programs and avoid extra lighting to comply with Dark Sky rules.
  • Plan for Moab: Stock up on supplies and use showers in Moab (10 minutes from Visitor Center). Nearest dump station is also in Moab.

Overall Experience

Devils Garden Campground is a spectacular base for exploring Arches National Park, offering a front-row seat to red rock formations, starry skies, and trails like Devils Garden and Broken Arch. Its clean facilities, helpful hosts, and year-round access are highlights, though the lack of showers, hook-ups, and competitive reservations require planning. “Camping here was the highlight of our Arches trip,” summed up a camper (PerfectCamp, 2025). With early reservations, sun and heat preparation, and a focus on the park’s trails and night skies, Devils Garden delivers an unforgettable desert camping experience.

Sources: Recreation.gov, NPS.gov, The Dyrt, Tripadvisor, Campendium, PerfectCamp, KTNPBlog, National Parks Traveler, Park Ranger John, DiscoverMoab.com

Tonopah Nevada

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Tonopah, Nevada, known as the “Queen of the Silver Camps,” is a small unincorporated town in Nye County with a rich history tied to the discovery of silver in 1900. Located midway between Las Vegas and Reno at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95, Tonopah’s story is one of boom and bust, shaped by its mining heritage, cultural developments, and resilience. This report explores the town’s origins, its rise as a mining hub, significant historical events, and its modern identity as a historical and tourism destination.

Photograph of a panoramic view of the Tonopah Mining Park (now a historic site) and Mount Butler in the distance, Tonopah, Nevada, ca.1904. - - Pierce, C.C. (Charles C.), 1861-1946
Photograph of a panoramic view of the Tonopah Mining Park (now a historic site) and Mount Butler in the distance, Tonopah, Nevada, ca.1904. – – Pierce, C.C. (Charles C.), 1861-1946

Origins and Discovery of Silver (1900)

The story of Tonopah begins with the discovery of silver in May 1900 by Jim Butler, a rancher and part-time prospector. According to local legend, Butler stumbled upon a rich silver deposit while searching for his runaway burro near a rock outcropping. Frustrated, he picked up a heavy rock to throw at the animal, only to notice its unusual weight, which turned out to be silver ore. However, this tale is likely apocryphal. Butler, married to a local Paiute woman named Belle, was probably guided by her family to an area long known by indigenous peoples for its surface minerals. The Shoshone and Paiute word “Tonopah,” meaning “greasewood water” or “hidden spring,” was adopted for the settlement.

Butler’s samples were initially dismissed as iron by an assayer in Klondike, but his friend Tasker Oddie, later Nevada’s governor, had them re-assayed by Walter Gayhart in Austin. The results revealed ore worth up to $600 per ton, primarily in silver with significant gold. This discovery, confirmed in late 1900, sparked the second-richest silver strike in Nevada’s history, revitalizing the state’s mining industry after the decline of the Comstock Lode.

The Mining Boom (1900–1920)

The Belmont Mine, Tonopah, Nevada in 1913
The Belmont Mine, Tonopah, Nevada in 1913

The discovery triggered a rapid influx of prospectors, leading to the establishment of a camp initially called Butler City. By January 1901, the camp had 40 residents, and by summer, the population swelled to 650, with mines producing $750,000 in gold and silver. The town grew exponentially, reaching over 3,000 people by 1902 and nearly 10,000 at its peak. Infrastructure developed quickly, including a post office (opened April 10, 1901, renamed Tonopah in 1905), the Tonopah Bonanza newspaper (launched June 15, 1901), and a stagecoach line from Sodaville.

Tonopah became a hub of wealth and power. Prominent figures like George Wingfield, a poker player turned mining magnate, amassed fortunes. Wingfield partnered with Jack Carey to secure a gaming license and invested in the Boston-Tonopah Mining Company, becoming a millionaire by 1904. He later collaborated with banker George S. Nixon to establish the Nye County Bank and grub-stake miners, further consolidating wealth. The Tonopah Mining Company, formed in 1901 by Philadelphia capitalists who purchased Butler’s claims, drove large-scale production.

Wyatt Earp's Northern Saloon located in Tonopah, Nevada
Wyatt Earp’s Northern Saloon located in Tonopah, Nevada

By 1905, Tonopah replaced Belmont as Nye County’s seat, and a narrow-gauge railroad connected the town to the Carson & Colorado line. Upgraded to standard gauge and extended to Goldfield, the Tonopah & Goldfield Railroad facilitated freight and coal transport for mining operations. The town boasted modern amenities: five banks, an opera house, electric and water companies, and the luxurious Mizpah Hotel, built in 1907 for $200,000. The Mizpah, with steam heat, electric lights, and one of Nevada’s first elevators, was dubbed the “finest stone hotel in the desert.”

The mines produced $38.5 million annually at their peak before World War I, with a total output of $150 million by 1947. However, tragedies marked this era, including a 1903 riot against Chinese workers, which led to a Chinese boycott of U.S. goods, and the 1911 Belmont Mine fire, where 17 miners perished.

Tonopah,_Nevada 1913
Tonopah,_Nevada 1913

Decline of Mining and Economic Shifts (1920–1940s)

By 1910, gold and silver production began to decline, and by 1920, Tonopah’s population had dropped to less than half its peak. The Great Depression and World War II further curtailed major mining operations, with all significant mines closing by 1947. The local railroad ceased operations, and the town struggled economically. Ranching and highway trade became primary income sources, as Tonopah’s location on U.S. 95 made it a stopover for travelers.

The Tonopah Army Air Base, constructed in 1940 and operational by 1942, provided a temporary economic boost during World War II. As one of Nevada’s largest military operations, it trained B-24 and P-39 pilots. However, the base closed in 1948, leaving the town to seek new economic avenues.

Modern Tonopah: Tourism, Military, and Renewable Energy (1950s–Present)

Since the late 20th century, Tonopah has reinvented itself as a tourism and military-based community. The Tonopah Test Range, established in 1952 for nuclear testing and later used for F-117 Nighthawk development, remains a major employer. The nearby Nevada Test Site also supports the local economy. In 2014, the $980 million Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project, a cutting-edge solar thermal plant, was completed, signaling Tonopah’s entry into renewable energy.

Tourism has become a cornerstone of Tonopah’s identity. The Tonopah Historic Mining Park, spanning 113 acres of original mining claims, preserves the town’s heritage with restored buildings, mine shafts, and self-guided tours. The Central Nevada Museum showcases mining, military, and Western Shoshone history. Attractions like the Mizpah Hotel, voted America’s #1 haunted hotel due to its “Lady in Red” ghost, and the Clown Motel, dubbed “America’s scariest motel” for its clown collection and proximity to the Old Tonopah Cemetery, draw visitors seeking history and the paranormal. Tonopah’s dark skies, rated the best for stargazing in the U.S. by USA Today, attract astronomers to its Stargazing Park.

The town hosts events like Jim Butler Days and the Nevada State Mining Championships, celebrating its mining legacy. Outdoor activities, including off-roading, hiking, and rockhounding, leverage Tonopah’s desert landscape. Notable figures associated with the town include Wyatt Earp, who opened the Northern Saloon in 1902, boxer Jack Dempsey, who fought early bouts here, and Howard Hughes, who married Jean Peters at the Mizpah in 1957 and later purchased mining claims.

Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun
Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun

Social and Cultural Dynamics

Tonopah’s early years were marked by a structured society, with formal dinners and dances noted by the Works Progress Administration in 1940. The Western Shoshone, including the Yomba Band of the Yomba Reservation, have a significant historical presence, dominating the region during American settlement in the 1860s. However, racial tensions surfaced, as seen in the 1903 anti-Chinese riot. Today, Tonopah embraces its diverse heritage, with the Central Nevada Museum highlighting indigenous and pioneer contributions.

Challenges and Resilience

Tonopah has faced natural and economic challenges. A magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck 35 miles west of town on May 15, 2020, the largest in Nevada since 1954, though it caused no injuries. Economically, the closure of major mines and the local McDonald’s symbolized decline, but Tonopah’s resilience is evident in its adaptation to tourism, military operations, and renewable energy.

Conclusion

From a silver mining boomtown to a modern hub of tourism and innovation, Tonopah, Nevada, embodies the boom-and-bust cycle of the American West. Jim Butler’s 1900 discovery transformed an indigenous campground into a thriving community that shaped Nevada’s economy and politics. Despite mining’s decline, Tonopah has leveraged its rich history, strategic location, and natural assets to remain a vibrant destination. Its historic sites, haunted landmarks, and starry skies continue to captivate visitors, ensuring the “Queen of the Silver Camps” endures as a testament to Nevada’s enduring spirit.

Tonopah Nevada Gallery

Wyatt Earp's Northern Saloon located in Tonopah, Nevada
Wyatt Earp’s Northern Saloon located in Tonopah, Nevada
The Belmont Mine, Tonopah, Nevada in 1913
The Belmont Mine, Tonopah, Nevada in 1913
Tonopah,_Nevada 1913
Tonopah,_Nevada 1913

wouldn’t die” remains a vibrant piece of American history.

Nevada State Historic Marker 15

Jim Butler, District Attorney of Nye County, is credited with the turn-of-century discovery, which ended a twenty-year slump in Nevada’s economy.  American Indians originally used the name Tonopah for a small spring in the nearby San Antonio Mountains, long before Butler camped in this area in May 1900.  Tonopah became the richest silver producer in the nation and replaced Belmont as the Nye County county seat in 1905.  The mines spawned a railroad, several huge mills, and a bustling population of approximately 10,000.

The mines faltered in the 1920s, but Tonopah achieved long-lasting fame because of the prominent financial and political leaders it produced.  Many camps and communities followed in the wake of Tonopah’s boom, most of which have become ghost towns.

NEVADA CENTENNIAL MARKER No. 15

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICE

Tonopah Nevada is Nevada State Historic Marker #15. Photo by James L Rathbun
Tonopah Nevada is Nevada State Historic Marker #15. Photo by James L Rathbun
Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun
Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun
The beautiful lobby of the world famous Mizpah Hotel in Tonopah, Nevada
The beautiful lobby of the world famous Mizpah Hotel in Tonopah, Nevada

Tonopah Marker Summary

Nevada State Histori Marker15
NameTonopah
LocationNye County, Nevada
Latitude, Longitude38.0670, -117.2291

The beautiful lobby of the world famous Mizpah Hotel in Tonopah, Nevada
The beautiful lobby of the world famous Mizpah Hotel in Tonopah, Nevada
Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun
Mizpah Hotel, Tonopah Nevada. Photo by James L Rathbun
Tonopah Nevada is Nevada State Historic Marker #15. Photo by James L Rathbun
Tonopah Nevada is Nevada State Historic Marker #15. Photo by James L Rathbun

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References

Barker Ranch

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Thomason/Barker Ranch is a five-acre property within Death Valley National Park. This historic site is located off of Goler Wash in the southern Panamint Range in the southwestern portion of the park. Barker Ranch is commonly referenced as being the location that mass murderer Charles Manson was arrested after the Tate – La Bianca killings in 1969.

This image, taken circa 1940, shows the main residence, workshop, retaining walls, and ornamental vegetation. Note the windmill located behind the workshop. View north (DEVA collection) - NPS
This image, taken circa 1940, shows the main residence, workshop, retaining walls, and ornamental vegetation. Note the windmill located behind the workshop. View north (DEVA collection) – NPS

Thomason Era (1937 – 1956)

In 1937, Blouch Thomason, a retired Los Angeles County detective, recorded three quartz lode mining claims named
“Tommy Group,” “Tommy Group No. 2,” and “Tommy Group No. 3” and a mill site located. The original structures consisting of three tent shelters is built in 1939.

In 1940, major improvements are made to the land. Thomason built the main ranch house, windmill, workshop, chicken coop, corral, fences, entry road, fences, water conveyance system, and planted ornamental and fruit-bearing vegetation. He also built a single rock building for “shop and storage” at the ranch. Later, a guestroom and garage are added to the shop. The Thomas ranch is inhabited full time by Blouch and Helen Thomason. They ceased mining operations due to poor yield

In 1950, Blouch passes away while visiting relatives in the Trinity Alps. Following his death, Helen moves away from the ranch, but still maintained the property as a vacation retreat.

Barker Era ( 1956 – 1971 )

James and Arlene Barker, from Oklahoma, purchased the Thomason Ranch, in 1955. In 1956, the Barkers recorded the “Chespa Mill Site” with the Inyo County Recorder’s Office. The Barkers built a 5,000 gallon water reservoir ( swimming pool ) and a 14 foot by 20 foot bunkhouse, sometime during 1957.

In 1968, Arlene Barker gave Charles Manson permission to occupy the Ranch in exchange for a Beach Boys Gold Album. After Manson’s arrest, the Barkers continued to maintain the property. In 1971, the Barkers ceased filing mining reports with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) on the family’s mining activity. The land (and improvements) then reverted to government control. In 1976, the ranch became part of the California Desert Conservation Area.

In 1994, Barker Ranch is incorporated into Death Valley National Park.

Manson Era ( 1968 – 1969 )

Barker Ranch - The building complex was heavily vegetated with trees, with a sparsely planted understory. Note the Manson bus in the left hand side of the image. View northwest, 1969 (DEVA collection). - NPS
Barker Ranch – The building complex was heavily vegetated with trees, with a sparsely planted understory. Note the Manson bus in the left hand side of the image. View northwest, 1969 (DEVA collection). – NPS

The Thomason / Barker Ranch history was stained forever, in October 1968, when Charles Manson obtained permission from Arlene Barker to occupy the ranch. Paul Watkins, a Manson Family Member, stated the Mason agreed to watch over the place in exchange for maintenance and work on the Ranch. Manson and his band of opted to stay and Barker Ranch over the Myers Ranch which is located about .5 miles away. A total of 19 Manson followers performed a phased relocation to the property over time. Manson family members are known to drive to Los Angeles or Las Vegas to bring in supplies.

On October 10 and 12, 1969, CHP officer Jim Pursell and the INYO Sheriffs Department along with California Highway Patrol and NPS Rangers raided Barker Ranch. Actually, they raided the area around Barker Ranch. A raid is executed in search of vandals of earth moving equipment which repaired damage to the playa in Racetrack Valley. Over the coarse to several days, the task forced hunted down Family members who were scattered about the area. The diminutive Manson is arrested when found hiding under the sink in the bathroom at Barker Ranch.

To this day, Barker Ranch is the subject of investigation into the crimes of Charles Manson.

Barker Ranch Map

NPS

Barker Ranch was built by “recreational ranchers” who moved to the desert to enjoy the solitude and simplicity of living far from civilization. Bluch and Helen Thomason moved into the area the the late 1930s to try their hand at gold mining. Around 1940, the constructed a small stone cabin and outbuilding, with electricity. provided by a wind mill and generator, and drinking water from a nearby spring

In 1955, the ranch was sold to Jim and Arlene Barker, who moved to the desert from Oklahoma. To accommodate their family gatherings, the Barkers enlarged the house and constructed more building.

The ranch became infamous when Charles Manson and members of the “Manson Family” were captured at the site. Family members attracted the attention of local law enforcement when they were suspected to burning a piece of road maintenance equipment. Detectives later discovered that the vandalism suspects were responsible for a series of murders in the Los Angeles Area.

Barker Ranch became part of Death Valley National Park in 1994. Tragically, the main house and workshop were destroyed by an accidental fire in May 2009.

National Park Service – Barker Ranch

Sources

The Times Review

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The Tuscarora Times-Review was a significant publication in the small mining town of Tuscarora, Nevada, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Operating from 1887 to 1903, the newspaper served as a vital source of local, regional, and national news for a community centered around the silver and gold mining industry. This report explores the newspaper’s history, its role in the community, its publishers, and its legacy, drawing on available historical records.

Background and Establishment

The Tuscarora Times-Review was established in Tuscarora, Nevada, a town founded in 1867 after gold discoveries by brothers John and Steven Beard. The town’s name was inspired by a U.S. gunboat, itself named after the Tuscarora Indigenous people of North Carolina. A major silver strike in 1871 spurred the town’s growth, relocating it to its present site on the slopes of Mount Blitzen. By the 1880s, Tuscarora was a bustling mining community, necessitating a local newspaper to document its activities and connect residents with broader events.

The newspaper succeeded the Tuscarora Times and Mining Review (1883–1886) and began publication on January 3, 1887, under the editorship of O.L.C. Fairchild. It was published weekly, starting with volume 18, number 19, indicating continuity from its predecessor. The Times-Review ran until December 26, 1903, covering a 16-year period marked by the rise and decline of Tuscarora’s mining economy.

Publication Details

  • Publication Period: January 3, 1887 – December 26, 1903
  • Frequency: Weekly
  • Volume Range: Vol. 18, no. 19 (Jan. 3, 1887) to Vol. 47, no. 35 (Dec. 26, 1903)
  • Publishers:
    • O.L.C. Fairchild (1887–unknown period)
    • Bingham Bros. (June 15, 1887 – November 17, 1900)
    • T.C. Plunkett & Son (November 20, 1900 – July 16, 1903)
    • W.D. Plunkett (July 18, 1903 – December 26, 1903)
  • Note on Errors: The newspaper was known to have frequent misnumbering of issues, a common issue in small-town publications of the era.

The Tuscarora Times-Review was a four-page newspaper, typical of frontier publications, featuring local news, mining reports, advertisements, and stories from the broader American West. Its rarity is noted, as newspapers west of the Mississippi before 1900 are scarce, making surviving issues valuable historical artifacts.

Role in the Community

The Tuscarora Times-Review played a crucial role in documenting life in Tuscarora during its mining boom. It covered topics such as:

  • Mining Industry: Reports on silver and gold strikes, mine operations, and economic developments were central, reflecting the town’s primary industry. The newspaper’s proximity to the Tuscarora volcanic field, a hub for Eocene-era epithermal deposits, underscores its focus on mining news.
  • Local Events: Social gatherings, community disputes, and daily life, including issues like “Trouble with Tramps,” were regular features.
  • Wildlife and Environment: The newspaper occasionally reported on fish and game, reflecting the region’s natural resources and their importance to residents. References to these topics from 1884–1903 are preserved in the Fred Wright Collection at the University of Nevada, Reno.
  • Advertisements: Local businesses, saloons, and services advertised in the paper, providing insight into the town’s economy and culture.

As one of the few communication channels in a remote area, the newspaper connected Tuscarora’s residents—miners, merchants, and families—to each other and the outside world. Its coverage of “cowboys, Indians, saloons, gold miners, and gunfights” captures the quintessential Old West atmosphere of the time.

Challenges and Decline

The Times-Review faced challenges typical of frontier newspapers, including limited resources, small staff, and reliance on a fluctuating local economy. The frequent change in publishers suggests financial or operational difficulties. By the early 1900s, Tuscarora’s mining industry began to wane, reducing the town’s population and economic vitality. This decline likely contributed to the newspaper’s cessation in 1903, as the community could no longer sustain a local publication.

Archival Preservation

Surviving issues of the Tuscarora Times-Review are held in various libraries and archives, as documented by the Library of Congress’s Chronicling America project. The newspaper is also referenced in the University of Nevada, Reno’s Special Collections, particularly for its wildlife-related content. Researchers can access these materials on-site, though some collections are restricted under state or federal law.

The Library of Congress provides a MARCXML record for the Times-Review, and Chronicling America offers digitized pages from 1756–1963, though not all issues may be available. The newspaper’s historical significance is enhanced by its inclusion in these collections, ensuring its availability for future study.

Legacy

The Tuscarora Times-Review remains a valuable primary source for understanding life in a late-19th-century Nevada mining town. Its reports offer insights into the social, economic, and environmental dynamics of Tuscarora, as well as the broader American West. The newspaper’s focus on mining aligns with the region’s geological significance, as evidenced by modern studies of the Tuscarora Au-Ag District.

Today, Tuscarora is a near-ghost town, with picturesque ruins and a functioning post office as remnants of its past. The Times-Review encapsulates the town’s vibrant history, preserving stories of a community shaped by the pursuit of precious metals. Its legacy endures through archival collections and the continued interest in Nevada’s mining heritage.

Conclusion

The Tuscarora Times-Review (1887–1903) was more than a local newspaper; it was a chronicle of a fleeting era in Tuscarora, Nevada. Through its pages, historians glimpse the triumphs and struggles of a mining community in the American West. Despite its short lifespan and operational challenges, the newspaper’s preserved issues remain a testament to the resilience and spirit of Tuscarora’s residents. As part of broader archival efforts, the Times-Review continues to inform and inspire research into Nevada’s rich historical tapestry.

Sources

  • Chronicling America, Library of Congress
  • Timothy Hughes Rare & Early Newspapers
  • University of Nevada, Reno, Special Collections Department
  • ResearchGate, Tuscarora Au-Ag District
  • Travel Nevada, Tuscarora History

Ward Charcoal Ovens

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The Ward Charcoal Ovens, located in the Ward Mining District of White Pine County, Nevada, approximately 11 miles south of Ely, are a remarkably preserved set of six beehive-shaped stone kilns built in 1876 to produce charcoal for the region’s silver smelting industry. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, these ovens represent a critical component of Nevada’s 19th-century mining boom and remain a significant historical and cultural landmark.

Background and Construction (1872–1876)

The Ward Mining District was established in 1872 following the discovery of silver by prospectors, leading to the founding of the town of Ward, named after prospector William Ward. By 1875, the district’s silver mines, including the Paymaster and Martin White mines, required substantial charcoal to fuel smelting furnaces, as wood alone was insufficient for the high temperatures needed to process ore. In 1876, the Martin White Company, a San Francisco-based firm, constructed six conical charcoal ovens in Willow Creek Canyon, seven miles south of Ward, to meet this demand. Designed by Italian masons (likely Swiss-Italian stonemasons from nearby communities), the ovens were built using locally quarried tuff, a lightweight volcanic rock, bonded with lime mortar.

Each oven stands 30 feet tall and 27 feet in diameter at the base, with walls 2 feet thick at the bottom, tapering to 1 foot at the top. The beehive shape, a common design for 19th-century charcoal kilns, maximized heat retention and airflow. Each oven featured a large arched doorway at the base for loading wood and unloading charcoal, a smaller upper door for air regulation, and internal iron rods for structural support. The ovens were strategically placed near pinyon pine and juniper forests, which provided the necessary timber, and close to Willow Creek for water access during construction.

Operation and Peak Use (1876–1880)

The Ward Charcoal Ovens operated primarily from 1876 to 1880, during the height of Ward’s silver mining boom. The charcoal production process involved loading each oven with 35 cords of wood (approximately 4,480 cubic feet), sealing the door with brick and mortar, and igniting the wood through the upper vent. Controlled burning over 12 to 14 days reduced the wood to charcoal, which was then cooled, removed, and transported by mule to Ward’s smelters. Each oven could produce up to 1,750 bushels of charcoal per cycle, with the six ovens collectively supporting the smelting of millions of dollars’ worth of silver ore.

At its peak in 1877, Ward was Nevada’s largest town, with a population of 1,500, boasting a post office, hotels, saloons, stores, a Wells Fargo office, and the White Pine News. The ovens were central to this prosperity, enabling the Martin White Company’s smelter to process ore efficiently. The district produced approximately $4 million in silver (about $120 million in 2025 dollars) during its active years, with the ovens playing a critical role in sustaining the smelting industry.

Decline and Abandonment (1880–1900)

By 1880, Ward’s silver deposits began to deplete, and the completion of the Nevada Northern Railway in 1906 shifted mining focus to copper in nearby Ely, diminishing the need for charcoal. The ovens fell into disuse as smelters adopted coke (derived from coal) and other fuels, which were more cost-effective and accessible via rail. By the late 1880s, Ward’s population had plummeted, and the town was largely abandoned by 1900. The ovens, no longer needed, stood idle but were remarkably preserved due to their remote location and sturdy construction.

During their post-mining years, the ovens served various secondary purposes. Local lore describes them as shelters for prospectors, hideouts for stagecoach bandits, and gathering spots for social events like dances. One tale recounts a family living in an oven during a harsh winter, surviving by burning fires inside. These uses, while anecdotal, highlight the ovens’ enduring presence in the landscape.

Connection to Nevada Northern Railway

Although the Ward Charcoal Ovens predate the Nevada Northern Railway (completed in 1906 under Mark Requa’s leadership, as noted in prior conversation), their operation was indirectly tied to the broader mining economy that the railway later supported. The railway’s Ore Line, connecting Ely to Ruth and McGill, facilitated the transport of copper and other minerals, marking a shift from silver to copper as White Pine County’s economic driver. While the ovens were no longer active by the time the railway was built, their legacy as part of the region’s mining infrastructure complements the railway’s role in sustaining White Pine County’s mining heritage.

Preservation and Modern Significance (1971–Present)

In 1956, local residents advocated for the ovens’ preservation, leading to their designation as a Nevada State Historic Site in 1969 and inclusion in Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park in 1994. The ovens were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 28, 1978, for their significance in Nevada’s mining and industrial history. Restoration efforts in 1971 and the 1990s repaired mortar and stabilized the structures, ensuring their longevity. The Nevada Division of State Parks has maintained the site, adding interpretive signs, a picnic area, and restrooms to enhance visitor access.

Today, the ovens are a popular destination, located 11 miles south of Ely via U.S. Highway 93 and a graded gravel road (at coordinates 39°02’05.8″N, 114°50’52.8″W). Their picturesque setting in Willow Creek Canyon, near Great Basin National Park, attracts tourists, historians, and photographers. The ovens’ excellent condition—owing to the arid climate and durable tuff construction—makes them a rare surviving example of 19th-century charcoal kilns, often compared to similar structures in Death Valley and Utah.

Conclusion

The Ward Charcoal Ovens stand as a testament to White Pine County’s silver mining boom and the technological ingenuity of the 1870s. Built to fuel Ward’s smelters, they supported a vibrant community that briefly rivaled Nevada’s largest towns. Their decline mirrored the region’s shift to copper mining, facilitated by infrastructure like the Nevada Northern Railway. Preserved as a state historic park and National Register site, the ovens offer a tangible link to Nevada’s mining past, drawing visitors to explore their unique architecture and historical significance.

Nevada State Historic Marker 184

Nevada State Historical Markers identify significant places of interest in Nevada’s history. The Nevada State Legislature started the program in 1967 to bring the state’s heritage to the public’s attention with on-site markers. These roadside markers bring attention to the places, people, and events that make up Nevada’s heritage. They are as diverse as the counties they are located within and range from the typical mining boom and bust town to the largest and most accessible petroglyph sites in Northern Nevada Budget cuts to the program caused the program to become dormant in 2009. Many of the markers are lost or damaged.

Most of the markers across the state are large blue metal markers. However, there are a variety of other marker styles out there. For this guide they have been simplified into a few categories (blue, blue small, concrete, and stone). Sometimes, the markers are on buildings, fences, or metal stands.

These ovens were constructed during the mid 1870’s and are larger and of finer construction than most other ovens found in Nevada.  They are 27 feet in diameter and 30 feet high with a capacity of about 35 cords of wood which was burned for a period of 12 days to produce about 50 bushels of good solid charcoal per cord.

The charcoal was used in the smelters at nearby Ward, about 30 to 50 bushels being required to reduce one ton of ore.

Each filling of one of these ovens required the total tree crop from 5 or 6 acres of land.  During the late 1870’s the hills and mountains around many mining camps were completely stripped of all timber for a radius of up to 35 miles.

As railroads penetrated the west charcoal was replaced by coke made from coal, and the charcoal industry faded.

“The real worth of the old charcoal ovens is their historical function in reminding present day Americans of a now-vanished industry, without which the great silver and lead bonanzas of the early west could not have been harvested.” Nell Murbarger.

STATE HISTORICAL MARKER No. 184

NEVADA STATE PARK SYSTEM

Nevada State Historic Marker 184 Map

Nevada State Historic Marker Summary

NameWard Charcoal Ovens
LocationWhite Pine County, Nevada
Latitude, Longitude39.0369, -114.8463
Nevada State Historic Marker184

Sources

  • Nevada State Historical Marker No. 96, Ward Charcoal Ovens, Nevada Division of State Parks.
  • Nevada Ghost Towns & Mining Camps by Stanley W. Paher (Nevada Publications, 1970).
  • Romancing Nevada’s Past: Ghost Towns and Historic Sites of Eureka, Lander, and White Pine Counties by Shawn Hall (University of Nevada Press, 1994).
  • National Register of Historic Places, Ward Charcoal Ovens, NRIS #78001724.
  • Nevada State Parks, Ward Charcoal Ovens State Historic Park, parks.nv.gov.
  • Roadside History of Nevada by Richard Moreno.
  • Western Mining History, Ward, Nevada.