Tag: California

California, located on the west coast of the United States, is renowned for its diverse landscapes, vibrant culture, and significant economic influence. From the sun-kissed beaches of Southern California to the majestic Sierra Nevada mountains, the state offers a range of natural beauty. The state is home to iconic cities like Los Angeles, known for Hollywood and the entertainment industry, and San Francisco, famous for its tech innovation and the Golden Gate Bridge. The state’s economy is one of the largest in the world, driven by sectors such as technology, agriculture, entertainment, and tourism. With its rich cultural diversity and pioneering spirit, California continues to be a land of opportunity and innovation.

Old Mojave Road

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The Old Mojave Road (Government Road) is an east-west route that enters the Mojave National Preserve off the highway 95 in Nevada, and Afton Canyon on the west side.  Some sections are rough and sandy; 4 x 4 recommended. Roads can become slick, muddy and impassable after rains. Be sure to inquire about road conditions, especially if you plan to cross Soda Dry Lake.

The railroad monument along the Old Mojave Road in the Mojave National Preserve.
The railroad monument along the Old Mojave Road in the Mojave National Preserve.

The Mojave Road is party of the Old Spanish Trail, which is a 700 mile long historical trade route that connected the northern New Mexico settlements near Santa Fe, New Mexico with those of Los Angeles, California. The Old Spanish trail’s rugged terrain discouraged the use of wagons. It was always a pack route, mainly used by men and mules. Used by Indians to transport goods from the southwest to trade with the Chumash and other coastal tribes, this route later served the cause of westward expansion. Military forts were established along the route to protect key water sources and provide assistance for travelers.

The route at one time was for all intents and purposes lost until Dennis Casebier and Friends researched the route and reestablished the trail as if it know today and is a popular four-wheel drive road.

The eastern section of the Old Mojave Road leaves US 95 in Nevada near Laughlin moving westward.  The eastern section climbs up to Fort Piute and continues past an old corral one a rocky climb.  Once up on the plateau, the road continues to travel west to Nipton Road.

Bert Smith's Cabin located in the Mojave National Reserve
Bert Smith’s Cabin located in the Mojave National Reserve

The central section starts at Nipton Road and continues west to Kelbaker road near Baker, CA.  The road starts rather narrow with high brush offering the opportunity for some new desert pin-striping.

Government Holes in the central section of the Old Mojave Road.
Government Holes in the central section of the Old Mojave Road.

A short declination which offers the only real obstacle near Rock Spring.  Burt Smiths cabin and the Government Holes water offer short hikes and distractions from the trail.  Once you cross the Kelso Cima Road, about 5 miles of  “whoop de doos” will rock you to sleep.  The center section offers the most to see, and if you choose one section, this would be it in our opinion.

The western section leaves Kelbaker road and continues west into the dry soda lake south of Baker.  The western section of the route can best be described as dry and sandy.  A larger mine complex and Afton Canyon are the major sights.

Afton Canyon in the Mojave National Preserve.
Afton Canyon in the Mojave National Preserve.

In addition to over 100 miles of 4×4 trail, the Old Mojave road offers access to mines, old homesteads, and other 4×4 routes.  The Old Mojave can be run either way and in a single long day, or in thirds with access being provided from Kelbaker road out of Baker or the Nipton Road in the the East.  However, for the best experience, take your time and run the trail in Multiple days and overnight in one of many primitive or established Campgrounds.

Old Mojave Road Trail Map

Jail Canyon Road

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The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada
The hottest place on earth, Death Valley National Park is on the order with California and Nevada

Jail Canyon Road is a rugged, scenic 4WD trail in the western Panamint Mountains, branching east from Indian Ranch Road in Panamint Valley and leading into Death Valley National Park, offering vibrant canyon views, a perennial stream, and access to historic mining sites like the Corona Mine. This approximately 5.2-mile one-way route ascends from the valley floor at around 1,800 feet to about 3,200 feet at the mine, crossing rocky alluvial fans and narrow washes amid colorful rock formations, making it a popular day trip for off-road enthusiasts and history buffs. The trail lies mostly on BLM land for the first 1.5 miles before entering the national park, where dispersed camping is permitted but requires self-sufficiency due to no services, water, or cell coverage.

Current Conditions (as of Latest Available Data, August 2025)

As of mid-2025, Jail Canyon Road appears navigable for high-clearance 4WD vehicles, though recent flash floods from 2023-2024 storms (including Hurricane Hilary remnants) have caused washouts and rock obstacles in similar nearby routes; no specific closures are reported for Jail Canyon, but conditions can change rapidly with monsoon rains or erosion, potentially making sections impassable. Expect extreme summer heat (over 100°F/38°C), dry and dusty terrain, and potential winter snow at higher elevations; always verify real-time status via the NPS website, Death Valley Road Conditions Facebook group, or apps like Gaia GPS before attempting, as self-rescue may be necessary. In 2021, monsoons washed out parts, requiring hiking the final 2 miles, and a large boulder was noted alongside the trail in recent reports—carry ample water, tools, and a Campfire Permit for any fires on BLM land. Nearby roads like Emigrant Canyon are undergoing repairs with closures through early 2025, which may indirectly affect access via connecting routes.

Trail Description and Difficulty

Access begins from Indian Ranch Road, reached via paved Trona-Wildrose Road from the south (28 miles north of Trona) or Panamint Valley Road from the north (13.9 miles south from SR-190); after 4.0 miles on graded Indian Ranch Road, turn left onto the rocky Jail Canyon spur. The trail starts as a slow, rocky climb across an alluvial fan with panoramic views of the Panamint Mountains and eroded Hall Canyon, transitioning into a narrow wash with boulder negotiations and stream crossings—rated moderate overall but requiring short-wheelbase, high-clearance 4×4 vehicles with low-range gearing for the final sections. Travel time is 1-2 hours one-way; beyond the vehicle endpoint (often a sheer drop or washout), hiking continues along a streamside path to the mine, adding steep, unshaded ascents suitable for experienced hikers—bring maps like National Geographic’s Death Valley edition for navigation, and adhere to Leave No Trace to protect the riparian habitat.

Trail Map

Points of Interest

  • Corona Mine and Mill Ruins: At the trail’s end, explore remnants including a steam boiler, wood trams, rails, and a well-preserved mill site along a willow-lined stream—hike short trails upstream for more artifacts and a stand of reeds.
  • Miner’s Cabin: A maintained historic cabin with a guest book signed by global visitors, picnic table, and nearby dispersed camping spots offering canyon views (windy at night); adopted by off-road groups to preserve mining heritage.
  • Outhouse (Privy): A wood-framed structure near hiking trails, once whimsically painted but now in disrepair—watch for wildlife like rattlesnakes and scorpions.
  • Scenic Overlooks and Wildlife: Panoramic vistas of multi-layered mountains, potential sightings of bighorn sheep or burros, and dark skies for stargazing in this remote area.

History of the Corona Mine

The Corona Mine, nestled in Jail Canyon, exemplifies the boom-and-bust mining era of the Panamint Mountains, with operations spanning over a century and contributing to the region’s silver, gold, lead, copper, and zinc production that fueled local economies during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Gold was first discovered in 1899 by Jack Curran, who mined until 1901 when a flash flood destroyed his three-stamp mill, powered by a water wheel and local spring. Activity remained intermittent until 1930, when it was renamed the Gem Mine; by 1932, a 25-ton mill was built, featuring a jaw crusher, ball mill, flotation unit, and 50-horsepower diesel engine, boosting output until water infiltration forced closure in 1938. In the 1940s, A.F. Troster revived the site, selling it in 1949 to the Corona Mining Company, which re-timbered tunnels but abandoned operations by 1950 due to dwindling ore. Troster resided in the cabin into the 1950s, marking the end of active mining; the site’s ruins, including modern equipment left behind, highlight the technological adaptations and environmental challenges that defined Panamint mining, as detailed in resources like Michel Digonnet’s “Hiking Western Death Valley National Park.”

Skidoo California – Inyo County Ghost Town

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Skidoo, California, once a bustling gold mining town in the early 20th century, now stands as a ghost town within Death Valley National Park. Located in Inyo County at an elevation of 5,689 feet, Skidoo epitomized the boom-and-bust cycle of mining communities in the American West. Its history, marked by rapid growth, innovative engineering, and eventual decline, offers a glimpse into the challenges and ambitions of desert mining during the gold rush era. This report explores Skidoo’s origins, development, key events, and legacy, drawing on historical records and contemporary accounts.

Skidoo, CA 1907
Skidoo California, 1907

Origins and Establishment

Skidoo’s story began in January 1906, when prospectors John Ramsey and John “One-Eye” Thompson, en route to the gold strike at Harrisburg, were halted by a rare fog near Emigrant Spring. When the fog lifted, they discovered promising gold-bearing ledges, leading them to file claims for what became the Gold Eagle Group. News of their find spread, and Bob Montgomery, a prominent mining figure from Rhyolite, purchased these claims for $100,000, fueling the rapid development of the area. Initially named Hoveck after Matt Hoveck, the Skidoo Mine’s manager, the town was renamed Skidoo in 1907, inspired by the popular slang phrase “23 skidoo,” meaning to leave quickly or take advantage of an opportunity. Local lore suggests the name also referenced the 23 miles of pipeline bringing water to the town, though this remains speculative.

Right here on the border line between California and Nevada, just a few miles from arid within speaking distance of Nevada’s big, bonanza gold camps of Goldfield, Rhyolite, Tonopah, California promises to give birth to the most wonderful gold mines America has yet produced . . . . Here the golden goddess is again singing her siren song of enchantment and California is again beckoning to the world with a finger of gold: and the world is listening, and looking, and coming–TO SKIDOO!

Rhyolite Herald, 4 January 1907

Boom Years (1906–1917)

Skidoo quickly grew into a thriving community, peaking at around 700 residents by mid-1907. The town boasted advanced amenities for its time, including a post office (established as Hoveck in 1906 and renamed Skidoo in 1907), a telephone exchange, the Skidoo News newspaper, a school with 29 students, four saloons, three restaurants, and the Southern California Bank of Skidoo. Stagecoach connections to Rhyolite and Ballarat, along with private automobiles, linked Skidoo to nearby settlements, while a telephone line to Rhyolite facilitated communication.

The Skidoo Mine, operated by the Skidoo Mines Company, was the town’s economic backbone, producing approximately 75,000 ounces of gold—valued at over $1.5 million at the time—between 1906 and 1917. The mine’s success was bolstered by two remarkable engineering feats. First, Skidoo hosted the only milling plant in the Death Valley region powered almost entirely by water, using a gravity-feed system to separate gold from ore. Second, a 23-mile pipeline, constructed by Bob Montgomery, transported water from springs near Telescope Peak to the mill, an extraordinary achievement given the desert’s harsh terrain. The pipeline’s scar remains visible today, and watering stations along its route supported prospectors exploring the region.

By 1907, over 100 men were employed at the Skidoo mines, and development costs exceeded $300,000. The town’s prosperity attracted attention, with the Rhyolite Herald proclaiming in January 1907, “California promises to give birth to the most wonderful gold mines America has yet produced… TO SKIDOO!” However, the national financial panic of 1907 strained the town, particularly impacting the Southern California Bank of Skidoo, which faced creditors and operated out of cramped quarters in a grocery store.

Cook's horse-drawn wagon at Death Valley's gold mining camp, Skiddo.
Cook’s horse-drawn wagon at Death Valley’s gold mining camp, Skiddo.

Notable Events

Skidoo was relatively peaceful compared to other mining camps, but it was not without incident. In April 1908, Joe Simpson, a gambler with a notorious reputation, attempted to kill the Southern California Bank’s cashier, Dobbs, and murdered James Arnold, a popular local butcher. With no jail in Skidoo, Simpson was held in a cast-iron building under guard. An armed mob demanded his release and lynched him from a telephone pole, an event that underscored the town’s rough justice.

Another challenge came in 1913, when the pipeline froze and burst, followed by a fire that destroyed much of the original stamp mill. The Skidoo Mines Company swiftly rebuilt a ten-stamp mill, adding five more stamps by 1915, but these setbacks foreshadowed the town’s decline.

The Skidoo Mine is located 65 miles north of Trona, California, at 6500 ft. elevation. The property was established in 1906; the mill erected in 190?. The mill burned and was reconstructed in 1913. Owner: Skidoo Mines Co., Skidoo, CA. C. W. Cross, president, and Crynski , superintendent .

Two systems of quartz veins occur in a pegmatite granite. The main vein system strikes M-SE and the other E~W. The veins average from 18″ to 2 ‘ in width, with a maximum of 4’.

The ore is free milling and values average about $15.00 per ton. Ore is hauled to the mill through tunnels. The mill equipment consists of: ten 850-lb. stamps, five 1150-lb. stamps and amalgamation tables. Table tailings run to the cyanide plant and precipitated in zinc boxes. The mill is operated by water conveyed in an 8″ pipeline 21 miles
from Telescope Peak. The pipe was installed at a cost of over $200,000, 35 men were employed at the mine mill. Total production to date over $1,500,000,

California State Mining Bureau’s “Report of State Mineralogist,” 1915-16, Report XV:
Rare Air Photograph of Skidoo California Taken from the air in 1923
Rare Air Photograph of Skidoo California Taken from the air in 1923

Decline and Abandonment

Skidoo’s fortunes waned as its gold veins diminished. By early 1909, the town’s population began to decline, and the school district closed in September 1909. In July 1909, the Los Angeles Mining Review reported that the Skidoo Mine was California’s second-most productive, clearing all debts and paying a $50,000 dividend. However, the town itself was depleting, and by 1917, the rich vein had “pinched out,” leading to the mine’s permanent closure. The post office shut down the same year, and the mill and pipeline’s iron and steel components were dismantled and sold.

Sporadic mining resumed in the 1920s and 1930s under new ownership, and a tungsten boom in the early 1950s brought renewed activity, though the ore was low-grade. These efforts left behind shafts, cuts, and tailings, but the townsite itself was abandoned, with the last buildings gone by the 1980s. Today, Skidoo is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, with the Skidoo Stamp Mill—stabilized by cables and maintained by the National Park Service—standing as the most prominent remnant.

Legacy and Modern Significance

Skidoo’s brief existence encapsulates the transient nature of mining boomtowns, driven by the allure of gold and undone by the exhaustion of resources. Its innovative water-powered mill and pipeline highlight the ingenuity required to sustain life and industry in the unforgiving Mojave Desert. The ghost town, accessible via an 8-mile unpaved road off Wildrose Road, attracts visitors who explore its mining relics, including the stamp mill, adits, and scattered debris like rusty cans and glass fragments. The surrounding hills, with over 1,000 mine entrances, evoke the frenetic activity of Skidoo’s heyday.

Tripadvisor reviews reflect mixed visitor experiences. Some find the site underwhelming, noting the absence of town structures and the challenge of the rugged road, recommending high-clearance vehicles. Others praise the stamp mill and the sense of history, emphasizing the need to continue past the townsite to reach the mill. The site’s remoteness and stark landscape amplify its haunting appeal, inviting reflection on the ambition and impermanence of Skidoo’s past.

Conclusion

Skidoo, California, rose and fell within a decade, leaving behind a legacy of resilience and adaptation in one of America’s harshest environments. From its accidental discovery in 1906 to its abandonment by 1917, Skidoo embodied the hope and hardship of the gold rush era. Its engineering achievements, preserved ruins, and place on the National Register of Historic Places ensure its story endures, offering a window into the fleeting dreams of a desert boomtown.

Town Summary

NameSkidoo
LocationInyo County, California
Latitude, Longitude36.4355016, -117.1475604
GNIS1656631
Elevation5689 ft / 1734 m
NewspaperSkidoo News
National Register of Places74000349

Skidoo Trail Map

Resouces

George Lovelock

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George Lovelock (March 11, 1824–1904) was an English-born American pioneer who played a significant role in the development of the American West. A carpenter by trade, he immigrated to Australia in the 1840s, worked in copper mines, and survived a shipwreck en route to Hawaii. Arriving in San Francisco in 1850, he built homes in California, established a store in Butte Creek (named Lovelock in his honor), and engaged in placer mining. In 1860, he settled in Nevada, purchasing land that became the foundation for the town of Lovelocks, Nevada. In 1867, he donated land to the Southern Pacific Railroad, which named the town Lovelocks. A skilled mineralogist and entrepreneur, Lovelock’s legacy includes founding two towns named after him in California and Nevada, reflecting his contributions to frontier settlement and community-building.

Early Life and Background (1824–1840s)

George Lovelock was born on March 11, 1824, in England, where he was raised and educated. Little is known about his early years, but his upbringing in England equipped him with practical skills, including carpentry, which would prove invaluable in his later endeavors. In his youth, he married Mary Forest, marking the beginning of a life filled with adventure and resilience.

Journey to Australia and the Pacific (1840s–1850)

Shortly after their marriage, George and Mary embarked on a perilous four-and-a-half-month voyage to Australia. During this journey, their first child, Fred Lovelock, was born at sea. In Australia, George worked in the copper mines for over two years, gaining experience in labor-intensive industries. Seeking new opportunities, the family set sail for the Sandwich Islands (now Hawaii). Tragically, their ship wrecked on a reef seven miles from the islands during a storm, and their infant daughter died. The surviving family members reached land, where Mary and Fred remained while George continued his journey.

Arrival in California and Early Ventures (1850–1852)

In April 1850, George sailed to San Francisco aboard the schooner Starlin. During the voyage, he overheard a plot by stowaway pirates to seize the ship and kill the passengers. Alerting the captain, George helped thwart the scheme, ensuring the pirates were subdued and held until the ship reached San Francisco, though they escaped upon arrival. In San Francisco, George initially worked as a carpenter, building houses in Happy Valley. By May 1850, he moved to Sacramento, where he was joined by Mary and Fred in June. The family relocated to Brown’s Valley and then to Feather River, where George constructed the second house in what would become Oroville, California. His son Thomas was born there in September 1851, noted as the first child born in the settlement.

Establishing Roots in California (1852–1860)

In 1852, seeking a healthier environment for his family, George moved to Marysville, California. He later settled in Butte Creek, where he built a small store, and the area was named Lovelock in his honor—a testament to his growing influence. By 1855, George blazed a wagon road over the mountains to Honey Lake Valley, engaging in placer mining at Meeker’s Flat, where he extracted $80 to $100 daily. He also took up teaming, transporting goods. In 1859, he built a sawmill in Lovelock, California, but the onset of the Civil War in 1861 halted lumber demand, prompting him to abandon his California ventures.

Settlement in Nevada and Founding Lovelocks (1860–1867)

In 1860, George relocated to Nevada, initially settling at the mouth of Rocky Canyon in Humboldt County. By 1866, he purchased 320 acres of land, including the oldest water right on the river, for $2,250 from two squatters. This land became the foundation for the town of Lovelocks, Nevada. In 1867, as the Southern Pacific Railroad was constructed, George donated 85 acres for a town site, which the railroad named Lovelocks. In exchange, he was promised a block in the town and a free pass on the railroad, though the company later reneged, forcing him to pay $500 for half a block and granting him only one free ride. George continued prospecting and mining, becoming a skilled mineralogist, while managing his extensive real estate holdings.

Family Life and Legacy (1867–1904)

George and Mary had eight children in Nevada, five of whom survived to adulthood. Fred settled in Tonopah, while their daughters and their husbands remained in Lovelocks, living on lands George had acquired. Mary died in 1882, and George remarried Mrs. Evans, who tragically drowned in 1885 while fishing near their home. George’s large family, including grandchildren and great-grandchildren, cherished him as a beloved patriarch. Known for his independence, he never joined any societies, forging his path through determination and ingenuity. His contributions to the development of Lovelocks, Nevada, and his earlier efforts in California left a lasting mark, with two towns bearing his name.

Death and Historical Significance

George Lovelock died in 1904, respected as a pioneer who shaped the American West. His life, spanning 80 years, was marked by bold migrations, entrepreneurial ventures, and community-building. From surviving shipwrecks and pirate plots to founding towns and navigating the challenges of frontier life, George’s story embodies the spirit of resilience and adaptability. The town of Lovelocks, Nevada, remains a testament to his legacy, a symbol of his enduring impact on the region.

Sources

  • Nevada Genealogy Trails, Pershing County, George Lovelock Biography

Zebra Tailed Lizard ( Callisaurus draconoides )

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The Zebra-Tailed Lizard is a medium sized lizard which features a long black and white striped tail and commonly found in California, Arizona and Nevada. Additional coloring includes two rows of brown / bray spots down the middle of the back, and is often marked with cream colored spots. The males boast belly bars which range in color from blue to yellow and orange. The females belly bars are often much more muted or lacking completely.

A male Zebra-Tailed Lizard ( Callisaurus draconoides )
A male Zebra-Tailed Lizard ( Callisaurus draconoides )

This animal is commonly between 4 and 6 inches in length from snout to vent and its regenerative tail may double to overall length of this animal. The female lays a clutch of up to 15 eggs, however the more common number is between 2 and 8 eggs. A healthy population will host between 4 and 6 lizards per acre, however the number seems much higher when they are darting around you in the Mojave, Great Basin or Sonaran deserts

The Zebra tails are frequently found at elevations up to 5,000 feet. The are usually found in areas which have sandy soils and open spaces in which they can run. An ambush predator, the lizard will often lie in way for its dinner to walk by and is known to feed on bees, wasps, beetles, caterpillars, ants and grasshoppers. Additionally it is known to consume other small lizards and spiders.

Very tolerant of the high heat of the desert in which it lives, the feisty lizard is known to be active during the high temperatures of the summer sun when most animals seek shade and go underground. These lizards are know to alternately stand on opposing feet and alternate between then two stances as a means of protection from the harsh landscapes in which it lives. During the cooler nights, the lizard may burrow down into fine sane, however is also known to sleep on the surface on warm nights.

When spotted by a predator, the reptile will curl its boldly stripped tail over its head which may serve notice to the predator that it was spotted. When needed a quick burst of speed will serve as the best prevention to being a meal to larger animals.

A Zebra Tailed lizard photographed ny my lovely wife in the Ivanpah Mountains of California.
A Zebra Tailed lizard photographed ny my lovely wife in the Ivanpah Mountains of California.