Big Bear, CA
I quiet mountain community full of back country adventure.
Big Bear Lake
Big Bear Lake is a prominent man-made reservoir and popular year-round resort destination in the San Bernardino Mountains of San Bernardino County, California. Located about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Los Angeles and roughly 25 miles (40 km) northeast of the city of San Bernardino, it sits within the San Bernardino National Forest at a high elevation, offering a striking alpine escape from Southern California’s lowlands.
Physical Description and Geography
Big Bear Lake is a snow- and rain-fed reservoir with no other tributaries or mechanical replenishment. It was created in 1884 by damming Bear Valley to supply irrigation water to citrus groves in areas like Redlands; the original rock dam was later supplemented by a larger multiple-arch concrete dam in 1912, which significantly increased capacity. The old dam remains submerged.
Key physical stats include:
- Length: Approximately 7 miles (11 km) east-west.
- Width: Up to about 2.5 miles (4 km) at its widest, though it averages a little more than 0.5 miles (0.8 km).
- Surface area: Around 2,971 acres (12 km²).
- Shoreline: Over 22 miles.
- Average depth: 35 feet (11 m).
- Maximum depth: 72 feet (22 m) near the dam.
- Water volume: About 73,320 acre-feet (at optimum levels).
- Surface elevation: Approximately 6,743–6,752 feet (2,055–2,058 m) above sea level, with the broader valley ranging from about 6,750 to 9,000 feet.
The lake is surrounded by rugged mountain terrain, dense forests (primarily ponderosa pines and other conifers), meadows, and rocky outcrops. It lies in a “Sky Island” ecosystem—an isolated high-elevation habitat with unique biodiversity, including rare plants. The city of Big Bear Lake (population around 5,000, though visitor numbers swell dramatically on weekends) occupies the south shore, while the north shore features more forested and recreational areas. Access is via scenic highways like CA-18 (Rim of the World Highway) and CA-38.
The area experiences a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb) bordering humid continental (Dsb), with cooler temperatures and more precipitation than surrounding lowlands due to elevation. Summers are mild (daytime highs often 70–80°F, cooler nights), while winters bring significant snowfall (averaging 50–70+ inches seasonally at lake level, much more at higher elevations), making it Southern California’s primary skiing/snowboarding destination. It enjoys over 300 sunny days annually but can see freezing temperatures year-round.
Natural Beauty and Scenic Appeal
Big Bear Lake is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty, often described as a sapphire or jewel nestled among towering peaks and pine forests. The clear, shimmering waters reflect the surrounding mountains, creating stunning vistas that change dramatically with the seasons.
- Summer and Fall: Lush green forests line the shores, with wildflowers in meadows. The lake invites boating, with glassy waters ideal for reflection photos, especially at spots like Boulder Bay Park. Towering pines, quartz-rich outcrops, and distant desert views (e.g., toward the Mojave from higher points) add dramatic contrast.
- Winter: Snow blankets the landscape, turning it into a pristine wonderland. Snow-capped peaks frame the partially frozen or icy lake, with evergreen trees providing striking color contrast. Ski resorts like Snow Summit and Bear Mountain enhance the alpine feel.
- Overall Landscape: The high-elevation setting creates a sense of isolation and serenity amid Southern California’s urban sprawl. Panoramic views from trails, chairlifts, or overlooks (such as from Butler Peak) showcase the valley’s expanse, with the lake as a central blue gem amid forested ridges.
This beauty has made it a favorite filming location for movies like Gone with the Wind, Daniel Boone, and Old Yeller, as well as TV shows.
Wildlife and Ecology
The region supports diverse wildlife typical of a Sky Island forest: black bears (introduced in the 1930s after grizzlies were extirpated), mountain lions, bobcats, coyotes, deer, and bald eagles (a winter highlight for viewers). There are also rare and endemic plants. The Big Bear Alpine Zoo aids injured wildlife. Fishing is popular, with trout, bass, and catfish abundant, though consumption advisories exist due to mercury/PCBs.
History and Development
Indigenous Serrano people (calling the area “Yuhaviat” or “Pine Place”) inhabited the valley for thousands of years. European-American naming and exploration came in the 1840s via Benjamin Wilson’s bear-hunting party. Gold rushes in the mid-1800s brought miners, followed by the dam and tourism boom in the early 20th century, aided by better roads and Hollywood interest. It evolved into a four-season resort with skiing (notably hosting early Winter X Games), hiking, and more.
Attractions and Recreation
Beyond natural beauty, Big Bear offers hiking/biking trails (over 100 miles), water sports, golf, the Big Bear Solar Observatory, and cultural spots like theaters and festivals (e.g., Oktoberfest). It balances accessibility with wilderness.
In summary, Big Bear Lake stands out as Southern California’s premier alpine lake destination, blending impressive physical scale, dramatic seasonal scenery, rich ecology, and recreational opportunities in a high-mountain setting that feels worlds away from the urban coast below. Its enduring appeal lies in this accessible yet pristine natural splendor.
Holcomb Valley
Holcomb Valley is a historic and scenic high-elevation valley in the San Bernardino Mountains of Southern California, located about 5 miles (8 km) north of Big Bear Lake. Nestled within the San Bernardino National Forest at elevations around 6,500–8,000 feet, it offers a rich blend of Gold Rush history, off-road adventure, and natural beauty that attracts history buffs, 4×4 enthusiasts, hikers, and nature lovers.
History of Mining
Holcomb Valley is best known as the site of Southern California’s largest gold rush. In May 1860, prospector William F. “Grizzly Bill” Holcomb (along with companions like Ben Choteau) discovered rich placer gold deposits while tracking a wounded grizzly bear. The find sparked a major rush, drawing thousands of miners to the area. Boom towns sprang up quickly, with Belleville (named after the first child born there) becoming the largest settlement. At its peak, Belleville rivaled San Bernardino in population and was briefly one of the largest towns in Southern California, supporting up to around 10,000 residents at times.
The valley produced more gold wealth than any other mining district in Southern California through placer mining in streams and later quartz lode mining. It was a classic Wild West setting: violence, claim jumping, gambling, and even public hangings were common. A notorious “hanging tree” still stands as a reminder. Mining activity declined after the initial rushes (around 1862 and a smaller one in the 1870s), though intermittent operations continued into the 20th century, including power-shovel work in the 1930s. Today, ruins of cabins, mines, and sites like the Pygmy Cabin remain, along with interpretive markers on the Gold Fever Trail. The area is designated California Historical Landmark #619.
4×4 Trails and Off-Roading
Holcomb Valley is a premier destination for off-road enthusiasts. The main route, Holcomb Valley OHV Road (Forest Road 3N16), stretches about 26 miles from near Green Valley Lake to areas near Baldwin Lake. It is generally considered easy to moderate, suitable for stock 4x4s, high-clearance SUVs, and even careful two-wheel-drive vehicles in dry conditions (though 4WD is recommended, especially after rain or snow).
The historic Gold Fever Trail is a self-guided 4×4 tour that takes visitors past key mining sites with interpretive stops. Trails feature a mix of dirt roads, rocky sections, mild ruts, forest stretches, and open terrain. Side spurs lead to abandoned mines, meadows, and viewpoints. The area connects to other OHV routes, allowing for customizable adventures. It’s popular year-round but can get muddy or snowy in winter. Nearby trails like Holcomb Creek OHV Trail offer more challenging options.
Camping is available at Holcomb Valley Campground (first-come, first-served sites with picnic tables, fire rings, and vault toilets), and dispersed camping is possible in designated areas.
Scenic Beauty
Holcomb Valley dazzles with its alpine charm. Towering Jeffrey pines, open meadows, granite outcrops, and wildflower-filled valleys create a picturesque landscape, especially in spring and fall. Views extend across the mountains, with opportunities to see wildlife, seasonal streams, and distant peaks. The contrast between forested western sections and more open, desert-like eastern areas adds variety.
It’s a peaceful retreat with sweeping vistas, quiet forests, and remnants of history integrated into the natural setting. Visitors often describe it as a “living monument” to the Gold Rush era, blending rugged pioneer legacy with serene mountain scenery ideal for photography, hiking, mountain biking, or simply soaking in the views.
Whether you’re exploring historic ruins along the Gold Fever Trail, wheeling through the backcountry, or enjoying a quiet picnic amid the pines, Holcomb Valley delivers an unforgettable slice of California’s mountain heritage and outdoor splendor. Always check current forest conditions, road status, and fire restrictions before visiting.
Holcomb Valley Points of Interest
 Arrastres – Gold Fever TrailThe Arrastres is a point of interest found along the Gold Fever Off Road Trail in Holcomb Valley in the San Bernardino Mountains. The remains… |
 Belleville California – San Bernardino County Ghost TownThe cabin at the Belleville California townsite is not original but moved to the location to represent the style of the structures of the town.… |
 Jonathon Tibbets Grasshopper Quartz MillStop number four along the Gold Fever Off Road Trail is Holcomb Valley, is Jonathon Tibbets Grasshopper Quartz Mill. The Gold Fever Off Road Trail… |
 Two Gun Bill’s SaloonLocated at stop 3 along the Gold Fever Off Road trail is the supposed location of Two Gun Bill's Saloon in Holcomb Valley, California. The… |
 Wilbur’s GraveCharles Wilbur's Grave is a point of interest located in Holcomb Valley near the Holcomb Valley Campground, San Bernardino, California. Charles Wilbur's Grave located in… |
Holcomb Valley 4×4 Trails
Gold Fever Off Road TrailThe Gold Fever Off Road Trail is a back country drive by some historical sites in Holcomb Valley, in the San Bernardino Mountains. The trail… |
 Gold Mountain 3N69Gold Mountain Trail Head The Gold Mountain 3N69 Trail can be found in the San Bernardino National Forest near Big Bear Lake. The favored direction… |
 Holcomb Valley Road 3N14Holcomb Valley Road 3N14 takes you through scenic Holcomb Valley Holcomb Valley Road 3N14, is a main artery in the road system above and behind… |
 Jacoby Canyon 3N61Jacoby Canyon 3N61 Trail head Jacoby Canyon 3N61 is a trail which can be found in the San Bernardino National Forest near Big Bear Lake.… |
 John Bull Trail 3N10The John Bull Trail 3N10 has the solid reputation as one of the toughest and most challenging trails in the Big Bear mountains of San Bernardino… |
Potosi, Nevada – Clark County Ghost Town
Potosi (also known as Potosi Camp or Crystal City in the 1870s) is a historic mining ghost town and mining district in Clark County, southern Nevada, located in the Spring Mountains approximately 30–35 miles southwest of Las Vegas. The site, at an elevation of about 5,705 feet, centers on Potosi Mountain (around 8,504 feet) and Potosi Spring. It is significant as the location of Nevada’s first lode mine (the Potosi Mine), with operations dating to the mid-19th century. The Potosi Mining District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The name “Potosi” derives from the famous silver-mining mountain in Bolivia (Cerro Potosí), passed indirectly through Potosi, Wisconsin, the hometown of an early mine manager. The area’s history spans possible pre-contact Native American use, Spanish exploration theories, Mormon settlement efforts, multiple mining booms and busts, and contributions to national needs during World War I. Today, it is largely abandoned but retains interpretive value and attracts hikers and history enthusiasts.
Early History and Pre-Mormon Activity
Indigenous peoples, including the Chemehuevi, had connections to the area. A giant cave on Potosi Mountain was reportedly used for vision quests by Chemehuevi shamans in the mid-19th century. Paiute guides later directed settlers to mineral deposits.
Speculative accounts suggest Spanish missionaries or Mexican prospectors may have explored or worked silver mines in the region as early as the 1770s or 1830s, possibly linked to the Old Spanish Trail (blazed in 1829–1830). However, these lack strong documentation, and modern recorded history begins in the 1850s. Artifacts like old coins or religious items have been anecdotally reported but are not definitively tied to large-scale operations.
Mormon Era and the First Lode Mine (1850s)
The modern history of Potosi is tied to the Mormon (Latter-day Saints) mission at Las Vegas Springs, established in 1855 as part of efforts for economic self-sufficiency in what was then considered part of southern Utah (later New Mexico/Arizona Territory before becoming Nevada). Lead was critically needed for bullets and other uses.
In 1856, a Paiute guide informed Mormon settlers of a lead deposit on the western slope of the Spring Mountains. Nathaniel V. Jones, an experienced miner dispatched from Salt Lake City, inspected and developed the site, naming it Potosi. A small camp with log cabins was built in a ravine below the mine, near a spring. Ore was initially smelted locally with limited success due to fuel and water issues, then hauled to Las Vegas for processing in a smelter inside the stockade (considered the first smelter west of the Missouri River operating in Nevada).
About 9,000 pounds of lead were recovered, but high zinc content complicated smelting. Operations ceased in early 1857 (or late 1856 per some accounts) when Brigham Young recalled the colonists amid tensions with the U.S. government. Potosi became Nevada’s first abandoned mine and ghost town.
Later 19th-Century Revivals (1860s–1870s)
Mining resumed sporadically. In 1861, the Colorado Mining Company (California interests) reopened the mine for silver, building a smelter at Potosi Spring and a camp with rock cabins housing up to 100 miners. Activity lasted until around 1863.
In the 1870s, the Silver State Mining Company worked the mine (sometimes called the Comet) and established Crystal City at Potosi Spring with stone buildings. This phase lasted roughly three years. Prospectors continued small-scale work intermittently for decades.
20th-Century Zinc Boom and Industrial Operations (1900s–1920s)
The arrival of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad (later Union Pacific) in 1905 enabled economic shipping of complex ores. New assays revealed significant zinc alongside lead and silver, sparking renewed interest.
Operations expanded in the 1910s. The Empire Zinc Company (New Jersey, with Denver offices) took over around 1913, building a modern camp with uniform housing, an electrical plant, a calciner, and an aerial tramway (constructed 1913) to transport ore down the steep hillside. Ore was trucked to railheads like Arden. A Yellow Pine railroad spur aided logistics.
During World War I, Potosi was designated a priority defense project for zinc, lead, and silver production. The mine yielded substantially for the war effort. Population grew temporarily; local newspapers noted births in the camp in 1918. Post-armistice, operations scaled back. The Empire Zinc Company dismantled much of the camp by 1919.
Subsequent lessees, including A.J. and A.R. Robbins and the International Smelting Company (mid-1920s), extracted more zinc (e.g., 31,000 tons in 1925), but high costs led to final abandonment around 1928–1930. Total estimated production reached about $4.5 million in lead, silver, and zinc. Other minerals included gold, copper, and traces of others.
Significance and Legacy
- Mining Milestone: Nevada’s first lode mine, predating major strikes like the Comstock Lode in importance for early regional development.
- Mormon Influence: Exemplifies early LDS efforts in the American West for self-sufficiency and settlement.
- Economic and Military Role: Contributed to national metal supplies, especially in wartime.
- Cultural/Historic Sites: Nevada State Historical Markers (e.g., No. 115) commemorate the site. The Potosi Mining District is on the National Register of Historic Places. Ruins are minimal today, but the mine itself (multi-level) and tram remnants remain points of interest for explorers.
The site is near the Old Spanish Trail and accessible via dirt roads (high-clearance vehicles recommended). It offers hiking opportunities, including to Potosi Mountain summits and cliffs.
Conclusion
Potosi embodies the boom-and-bust cycle of Nevada mining towns—driven by mineral riches, technological advances (railroads, trams), and national demands, yet challenged by remoteness, ore complexities, and economics. From a short-lived Mormon outpost to a contributor in World War I, its legacy as Nevada’s pioneering lode mine endures in historical markers, archives, and the rugged landscape of the Spring Mountains. While retired and deserted, it remains a tangible link to the state’s frontier past.
Sources: Compiled from Nevada SHPO historical markers, Travel Nevada Magazine archives, and related historical accounts. For on-site visits, consult current land access and safety information, as old mines pose hazards.
Potosi is a designated at Nevada State Historic Marker no. 115.
Town Summary
| Name | Potosi |
| Location | Clark County, Nevada |
| GNIS | 849366 |
| Latitude, Longitude | 35.9708, -115.5408 |
| Elevation | 5705 |
| Population | 100 |
Potosi Trailmap
References
Lake Mamie – Mammoth Lakes
Lake Mamie is a small, scenic alpine lake in the Mammoth Lakes Basin of the Eastern Sierra Nevada, Mono County, California. It is one of the chain of lakes accessible via Lake Mary Road, just a few miles from the town of Mammoth Lakes.
Location and Access
Lake Mamie sits at approximately 8,900–8,901 feet (about 2,713 meters) elevation, nestled in a sub-alpine forested setting between larger Lake Mary (to the west/upstream) and Horseshoe Lake (to the east). It is easily reachable by car along Lake Mary Road (about 3–3.5 miles from town), with parking and trail access near the Twin Falls Overlook or along the Lakes Basin Path. In summer, facilities like Wildyrie Lodge/cabins nearby offer boat rentals, tackle, and snacks. Winter access is by ski or snowshoe only.
The lake forms part of the broader Mammoth Lakes Basin, a large glacial cirque carved by ancient ice and featuring rugged peaks, including views of Crystal Crag and Mammoth Mountain.
Physical Description
- Size: Roughly 19 acres, making it the smallest lake in the Mammoth Lakes Basin. It has a relatively short shoreline (about half a mile), which contributes to its intimate, protected feel.
- Depth: Shallow, generally around 8–10 feet or so at its deeper points, with excellent water clarity. This shallowness supports good visibility and makes it suitable for certain activities while limiting others (e.g., no motorboats).
- Hydrology: Water flows in from Lake Mary through a canopy of evergreens at the inlet. The outlet feeds a spillway/waterfall that drops toward Twin Lakes below. A dam influences water levels, and the lake is part of the connected basin system.
- Surroundings: Surrounded by towering pines, evergreens, and sub-alpine forest. It lies in a glacial moraine setting within the broader Sierra Nevada landscape shaped by volcanism (including Mammoth Mountain) and glaciation.
The water is typically clear and calm, especially since motorboats are prohibited, preserving a tranquil environment.
Natural Beauty and Scenic Qualities
Lake Mamie is frequently praised for its jaw-dropping scenery despite its small size. It is framed by dense woods, with reflections of snow-capped peaks (like Crystal Crag) and granite features on its clear waters. The setting offers “breathtaking views at every angle,” with light playing across the surface, especially at sunrise, sunset, or from the road crossing above the dam.
One angler/author described it as having “perhaps one of the best views of any lake in the world.” The protected, wooded location makes it feel more intimate and secluded than larger neighboring lakes, with opportunities to spot wildlife such as deer, coyotes, waterfowl, and occasionally bears (especially in summer).
In fall, the area features vibrant colors; in winter, it transforms into a snowy wonderland accessible for cross-country skiing or snowshoeing. The easy accessibility combined with its peaceful character makes it ideal for photography, lounging, and quiet contemplation.
Ecology and Recreation
The lake supports fishing and is regularly stocked with trout, including rainbows, brookies, and notable browns/Alpers trout. It is popular for shore fishing, float tubes, canoes, and kayaks. Dusk is often cited as a prime time.
Other activities include picnicking at scenic spots (with views of Mammoth Mountain and the spillway), short loops or trails around the lake (e.g., an easy ~1-mile Lake Mamie Loop with minimal elevation gain), and general lounging. No swimming is allowed in the basin lakes. Nearby camping is available at sites like Twin Lakes.
History and Naming
The name “Mamie” has a couple of origin stories. One links it to Lake Mary (possibly after Queen Mary), with “Mamie” as a nickname or for a smaller related lake. Another ties it to colorful local figures from the area’s mining-era dancehall days. The basin itself has ties to mining history (e.g., nearby Mammoth Consolidated Mine) and was shaped by the Long Valley Caldera volcanism and glaciation.
Summary of Appeal
Lake Mamie stands out as a gem for those seeking serenity amid stunning alpine scenery. Its small size belies its visual impact and recreational value—offering clear waters, forested shores, mountain backdrops, and easy access without the crowds of larger lakes. Whether for a peaceful paddle, a productive fishing session, a family picnic, or simply soaking in the views, it exemplifies the natural beauty of the Mammoth Lakes area. Visitors should practice Leave No Trace principles, be aware of wildlife (including bears), and check conditions, as the high-elevation environment can change quickly.
This report draws from local tourism, trail, and recreation sources for an up-to-date overview as of 2026. For the latest access, fishing regulations, or safety info, consult Inyo National Forest or Visit Mammoth resources.
Twin Lakes – Mammoth Lakes
Twin Lakes in Mammoth Lakes, California, is a scenic pair of connected alpine lakes in the Mammoth Lakes Basin within the Inyo National Forest in Mono County. They sit at the base of the southeastern slope of Mammoth Mountain in the eastern Sierra Nevada.
Physical Description and Geography
Twin Lakes are the lowest in the Mammoth Lakes Basin, with a surface elevation of approximately 8,563–8,600 feet (about 2,610 m). They are accessible by car year-round via Lake Mary Road and Twin Lakes Road, unlike many higher lakes in the basin.
The lakes are often described as a single body of water with a narrow “choke” or connection in the middle, sometimes bridged for visitors. They consist of an Upper and Lower Twin Lake, linked by the picturesque Twin Falls (also called Twin Lakes Falls), which cascades from the upper section (fed from Lake Mamie above) into the lower. The primary inflow is Twin Falls, and the primary outflow is Mammoth Creek, making the lakes the source of this waterway.
One side features dramatic lava cliffs formed by eruptions of Mammoth Mountain, highlighting the area’s volcanic geology. The other side borders forested areas with the Twin Lakes Campground and Tamarack Lodge. The basin was shaped by glacial activity, with surrounding features like Panorama Dome.
Size details vary in sources, but they form a substantial alpine lake system (one reference notes around 108 acres for fishing purposes; related Twin Lakes in the region are larger). Depths reach up to around 40–55 feet in channels. The water is typically clear and cold, reflecting the high Sierra environment.
Scenic Beauty and Surroundings
Twin Lakes are renowned for their stunning natural beauty, nestled amid lodgepole pine forests, with views of Mammoth Mountain (elev. ~11,059 ft) and surrounding peaks. The area offers mirror-like reflections on calm days, especially at sunrise or early morning, and vibrant seasonal changes—green summers, golden aspens in fall, and snow-covered winter landscapes.
The waterfall between the lakes (or from above) is a highlight, creating dramatic cascades visible from bridges, shores, and overlooks like Twin Falls Overlook. Panoramic views extend across the lakes to the town of Mammoth Lakes and beyond. The setting combines alpine lake serenity with volcanic rock formations and dense evergreen forests, often called part of the “California Alps” due to the rugged Sierra Crest and Sawtooth Ridge influences.
Visitors frequently praise the gorgeous scenery, clear water, and photo opportunities, with easy access enhancing its appeal. It feels pristine yet welcoming, with the scent of pines and mountain air.
Recreation and Amenities
- Fishing: Popular for trout (stocked lakes); fish cleaning stations available.
- Boating/Paddling: Boat rentals, kayaking, canoeing on the glassy waters.
- Hiking/Biking: Lakeside paths, Lakes Basin Path (paved), connections to Mammoth Mountain trails, and nearby hikes like to Heart Lake or Panorama Dome.
- Camping: Twin Lakes Campground with ~93 sites in three loops, suitable for tents and RVs, lakeside access.
- Other: Tamarack Lodge (historic, with restaurant), general store, boat rentals, winter cross-country skiing, and an outdoor wedding chapel.
It’s family-friendly with easy access, though high elevation (~8,600 ft) requires acclimation for some.
History and Ecology
The area has volcanic and glacial history, with Mammoth Mountain’s lava domes and past mining activity nearby (e.g., Mammoth Consolidated Mine ruins). Ecologically, it supports trout fisheries and coniferous forests in a high-elevation environment.
Twin Lakes stands out as an accessible gem in the Mammoth Lakes area—beautiful year-round, with its connected waters, waterfall, volcanic backdrop, and forested shores creating a quintessential Sierra Nevada alpine scene that draws photographers, outdoor enthusiasts, and nature lovers.
For the most current conditions (e.g., road access, fishing regulations, or weather), check official sources like the U.S. Forest Service or Visit Mammoth.